{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL","short_pith_number":"pith:KF3HDS63","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.08107","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-25T16:28:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"808ce38609ffb4b40bef2e22869c5c11c7adf7efe0bb1dd25021717aab08e454","abstract_canon_sha256":"b89c11e164bf2f0022c44032310eb69615c01508625f7e08ebead016e6a47a14"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"517671cbdbd3cacbed56dbb7a5db2912d741bfa79772d7dfa810905af098133d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.08107","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.08107","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.08107v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.08107","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KF3HDS632PFM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KF3HDS632PFMX3KW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KF3HDS63","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.08107","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-25T16:28:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"808ce38609ffb4b40bef2e22869c5c11c7adf7efe0bb1dd25021717aab08e454","abstract_canon_sha256":"b89c11e164bf2f0022c44032310eb69615c01508625f7e08ebead016e6a47a14"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"517671cbdbd3cacbed56dbb7a5db2912d741bfa79772d7dfa810905af098133d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08.088003Z","signature_b64":"pOGv7mlP+A7g+7YY+kK10hez0j3Jo6tIlIhrJbZ5r6XkeJmN74N4xVx0bLZP/ORq/wjiIeRjze7+N74hxSLBBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"517671cbdbd3cacbed56dbb7a5db2912d741bfa79772d7dfa810905af098133d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08.087383Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08.087383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1511.08107","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wNgfsF1+Y80CrW82u84WfKI5omloLPOMip3giIgS5lKssUwie6qtzKsuPRxij/aMBlzm6ejcRHr6q6QvJN3iAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T05:56:53.757017Z"},"content_sha256":"07e11d93d7162e6e245c4f65f441264953be4b489031dadc509bae2079fcf0c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07e11d93d7162e6e245c4f65f441264953be4b489031dadc509bae2079fcf0c1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Formation and stability of a hollow electron beam in the presence of a plasma wake field driven by an ultra-short electron bunch","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","authors_text":"D. Jovanovic, F. Tanjia, R. Fedele, S. De Nicola, T. Akhter","submitted_at":"2015-11-25T16:28:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"A numerical investigation on the spatiotemporal evolution of an electron beam, externally injected in a plasma in the presence of a plasma wake field, is carried out. The latter is driven by an ultra-short relativistic axially-symmetric femtosecond electron bunch. We first derive a novel Poisson-like equation for the wake potential where the driving term is the ultra-short bunch density, taking suitably into account the interplay between the sharpness and high energy of the bunch. Then, we show that a channel is formed longitudinally, through the externally injected beam while experiencing the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.08107","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/25jgyyEDZj2NMKCvwSCh6uYIYbXoDw6cA8rWjpyeVW7TDGBynigPGYvkRIyZ/SqaloPgavW+znPCPg+nbbcCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T05:56:53.757659Z"},"content_sha256":"fde22ed937eac62718a86681272f0197db4e568a8472d5dc60dd2181617aa67f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fde22ed937eac62718a86681272f0197db4e568a8472d5dc60dd2181617aa67f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T05:56:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:KF3HDS632PFMX3KW3O32LWZJCL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b89c11e164bf2f0022c44032310eb69615c01508625f7e08ebead016e6a47a14","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-25T16:28:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"808ce38609ffb4b40bef2e22869c5c11c7adf7efe0bb1dd25021717aab08e454"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.08107","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.08107","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.08107v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.08107","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KF3HDS632PFM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KF3HDS632PFMX3KW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KF3HDS63","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fde22ed937eac62718a86681272f0197db4e568a8472d5dc60dd2181617aa67f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A numerical investigation on the spatiotemporal evolution of an electron beam, externally injected in a plasma in the presence of a plasma wake field, is carried out. The latter is driven by an ultra-short relativistic axially-symmetric femtosecond electron bunch. We first derive a novel Poisson-like equation for the wake potential where the driving term is the ultra-short bunch density, taking suitably into account the interplay between the sharpness and high energy of the bunch. Then, we show that a channel is formed longitudinally, through the externally injected beam while experiencing the","authors_text":"D. Jovanovic, F. Tanjia, R. Fedele, S. De Nicola, T. Akhter","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-25T16:28:23Z","title":"Formation and stability of a hollow electron beam in the presence of a plasma wake field driven by an ultra-short electron bunch"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.08107","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:07e11d93d7162e6e245c4f65f441264953be4b489031dadc509bae2079fcf0c1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b89c11e164bf2f0022c44032310eb69615c01508625f7e08ebead016e6a47a14","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-25T16:28:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"808ce38609ffb4b40bef2e22869c5c11c7adf7efe0bb1dd25021717aab08e454"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.08107","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"517671cbdbd3cacbed56dbb7a5db2912d741bfa79772d7dfa810905af098133d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"517671cbdbd3cacbed56dbb7a5db2912d741bfa79772d7dfa810905af098133d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08.087383Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08.087383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pOGv7mlP+A7g+7YY+kK10hez0j3Jo6tIlIhrJbZ5r6XkeJmN74N4xVx0bLZP/ORq/wjiIeRjze7+N74hxSLBBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:08.088003Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1511.08107","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:07e11d93d7162e6e245c4f65f441264953be4b489031dadc509bae2079fcf0c1","sha256:fde22ed937eac62718a86681272f0197db4e568a8472d5dc60dd2181617aa67f"],"state_sha256":"f67d3a818399fb7bb69c38fbcaf937895ccab5904f943d2a527ef62aaf4b6cee"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uKRQkgG5sni6qL60N9xdohPaqLN30bwHtZwDtK+lMXTXw2PWu0a5GDkJAc2MR0lcTwpoy19oHIu79nOVCub+Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T05:56:53.760896Z","bundle_sha256":"2d17b0209229e9a169f00424385b52b34a1679175bac81ada90d796877b93346"}}