{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO","short_pith_number":"pith:KG5S5CCG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.11273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-03-29T22:28:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"38fa239d7bb70d717ec8bb0fa911f30ea8acf3d9dc8d0a713801c231fa7bd6b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"e0963395aa52a90fa710578c6c1df6c7e397ecfb069b1787a658786cd4cc7099"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51bb2e88463f0270d43cd4d7d65f2c2bad0a5fa5ee810b697a9a00b40878f147","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.11273","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.11273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.11273v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.11273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KG5S5CCGH4BH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KG5S5CCG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.11273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-03-29T22:28:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"38fa239d7bb70d717ec8bb0fa911f30ea8acf3d9dc8d0a713801c231fa7bd6b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"e0963395aa52a90fa710578c6c1df6c7e397ecfb069b1787a658786cd4cc7099"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51bb2e88463f0270d43cd4d7d65f2c2bad0a5fa5ee810b697a9a00b40878f147","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08.802306Z","signature_b64":"fohUaXFKNjQuHnXz7WXDjZNdg+mSq074Z2MnCnlS113OTwNuGvbY7P/WryR0pBbI5mtlW1hMIobjT9b/IQ3MAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51bb2e88463f0270d43cd4d7d65f2c2bad0a5fa5ee810b697a9a00b40878f147","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08.801853Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08.801853Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.11273","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P520zR52K59IPNqlENPkBU4BPzZ10HimCHu/UUBrLSDDJHo6MQmymJCkeHLW/IOv43hRO3c/ivhud4VVA6lPCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:37:35.633223Z"},"content_sha256":"33c1d6dfa5df08b360fbbaefc91b282ce45369b271ccb8b3cb605540d44c52a3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:33c1d6dfa5df08b360fbbaefc91b282ce45369b271ccb8b3cb605540d44c52a3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"High-Dimensional Causal Discovery Under non-Gaussianity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Mathias Drton, Y. Samuel Wang","submitted_at":"2018-03-29T22:28:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider graphical models based on a recursive system of linear structural equations. This implies that there is an ordering, $\\sigma$, of the variables such that each observed variable $Y_v$ is a linear function of a variable specific error term and the other observed variables $Y_u$ with $\\sigma(u) < \\sigma (v)$. The causal relationships, i.e., which other variables the linear functions depend on, can be described using a directed graph. It has been previously shown that when the variable specific error terms are non-Gaussian, the exact causal graph, as opposed to a Markov equivalence cla"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.11273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8ihYdsfLWeV6toCaOkwPJ8OlFvGHtAu0mPvYergiPWLhmohtE8nIcykjJPkhIFx5nZkYC+HSxStj23pdmzYcCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:37:35.633958Z"},"content_sha256":"64e85cc6a05eb3ed24ee5a1b92e102d2537c4dcc0597dba15122908310d6fce3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64e85cc6a05eb3ed24ee5a1b92e102d2537c4dcc0597dba15122908310d6fce3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T08:37:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB42TL5MXZMFO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e0963395aa52a90fa710578c6c1df6c7e397ecfb069b1787a658786cd4cc7099","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-03-29T22:28:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"38fa239d7bb70d717ec8bb0fa911f30ea8acf3d9dc8d0a713801c231fa7bd6b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.11273","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.11273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.11273v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.11273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KG5S5CCGH4BH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KG5S5CCGH4BHBVB4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KG5S5CCG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:64e85cc6a05eb3ed24ee5a1b92e102d2537c4dcc0597dba15122908310d6fce3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider graphical models based on a recursive system of linear structural equations. This implies that there is an ordering, $\\sigma$, of the variables such that each observed variable $Y_v$ is a linear function of a variable specific error term and the other observed variables $Y_u$ with $\\sigma(u) < \\sigma (v)$. The causal relationships, i.e., which other variables the linear functions depend on, can be described using a directed graph. It has been previously shown that when the variable specific error terms are non-Gaussian, the exact causal graph, as opposed to a Markov equivalence cla","authors_text":"Mathias Drton, Y. Samuel Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-03-29T22:28:10Z","title":"High-Dimensional Causal Discovery Under non-Gaussianity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.11273","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:33c1d6dfa5df08b360fbbaefc91b282ce45369b271ccb8b3cb605540d44c52a3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e0963395aa52a90fa710578c6c1df6c7e397ecfb069b1787a658786cd4cc7099","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-03-29T22:28:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"38fa239d7bb70d717ec8bb0fa911f30ea8acf3d9dc8d0a713801c231fa7bd6b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.11273","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"51bb2e88463f0270d43cd4d7d65f2c2bad0a5fa5ee810b697a9a00b40878f147","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51bb2e88463f0270d43cd4d7d65f2c2bad0a5fa5ee810b697a9a00b40878f147","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08.801853Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08.801853Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"fohUaXFKNjQuHnXz7WXDjZNdg+mSq074Z2MnCnlS113OTwNuGvbY7P/WryR0pBbI5mtlW1hMIobjT9b/IQ3MAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:08.802306Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.11273","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:33c1d6dfa5df08b360fbbaefc91b282ce45369b271ccb8b3cb605540d44c52a3","sha256:64e85cc6a05eb3ed24ee5a1b92e102d2537c4dcc0597dba15122908310d6fce3"],"state_sha256":"4717751992037f16be3dfc03e9c581b680266d584d1f548801b7df97a2b5ca58"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tzFaPB79ZTeGCcyj+8kQDyv0SLx3zHkyOAmZaNzWMxs7+gtsQcwbD1aOSU86UBsmOJXz6zbQLyK2XvKXKrtBBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:37:35.637653Z","bundle_sha256":"b602e58fd70f081a33b43af764faf74e4c5d4f74b0a349d8dc3557acd80edf6b"}}