{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU","short_pith_number":"pith:KGLUYCUA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.02629","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T13:35:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"9035c192c4af2da8ca41c9375da1b087f225d77db2aac920b49f33f2279824f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"7eb74f4a673c29572131ec6e595bc2976e32a862038124ad6375e77007944e6e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51974c0a8031daacc5bcc8a3ca32165d01b9a9f4befecf2134714f197c54ac37","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.02629","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.02629","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.02629v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.02629","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGLUYCUAGHNK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGLUYCUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.02629","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T13:35:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"9035c192c4af2da8ca41c9375da1b087f225d77db2aac920b49f33f2279824f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"7eb74f4a673c29572131ec6e595bc2976e32a862038124ad6375e77007944e6e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51974c0a8031daacc5bcc8a3ca32165d01b9a9f4befecf2134714f197c54ac37","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38.746969Z","signature_b64":"I5rbfOnHMr0TzzOjMYvR9FZtqHXko+Av9HKLJM/aVY/FvmJpPn5TJtvb9l9PfMdrsWLJJ025Rt81HZ+eeg7LDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51974c0a8031daacc5bcc8a3ca32165d01b9a9f4befecf2134714f197c54ac37","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38.746578Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38.746578Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.02629","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"245LPmgd8kfkYRyXTGtMvDAbo4Mi2On+lWW1FXq3UwocceY7H5vaR0foEodqmZQ2eVFKPDU1JnS4tmqt/O5LDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:26:26.232914Z"},"content_sha256":"64ca7218eead4699d00884547c94e2a3df3e07efce2e5de880f58439a2454ef0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64ca7218eead4699d00884547c94e2a3df3e07efce2e5de880f58439a2454ef0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Second law of thermodynamics in nonminimally coupled gravity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"P.P. Avelino, R.P.L. Azevedo","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T13:35:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the present work we show that the second law of thermodynamics does not generally hold if the matter and gravitational fields are nonminimally coupled. We demonstrate this result by explicitly computing the evolution of the entropy of the matter fields in the case of a closed homogeneous and isotropic universe filled with dust and radiation, showing that, in this case, the sign of the entropy variation is determined by the evolution of the universe. The preservation of the second law of thermodynamics in these modified theories would require its generalization to account for a gravitational"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.02629","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.02629/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SPhI43kXSHHcJ+fhO5h0FaNg2JMn5EN5eutvkKxy5wBsnYLIYtbthXAWqVOvAMDAkbYW+sDcJJRx6sCGY5xFBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:26:26.233629Z"},"content_sha256":"10de4754c2f5eb8a42b611ef53c76fda26f8f142092ae2cd80a322681f593633","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:10de4754c2f5eb8a42b611ef53c76fda26f8f142092ae2cd80a322681f593633"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T11:26:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4ZCR4UMQWLU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7eb74f4a673c29572131ec6e595bc2976e32a862038124ad6375e77007944e6e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T13:35:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"9035c192c4af2da8ca41c9375da1b087f225d77db2aac920b49f33f2279824f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.02629","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.02629","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.02629v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.02629","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGLUYCUAGHNK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGLUYCUAGHNKZRN4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGLUYCUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:10de4754c2f5eb8a42b611ef53c76fda26f8f142092ae2cd80a322681f593633","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.02629/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the present work we show that the second law of thermodynamics does not generally hold if the matter and gravitational fields are nonminimally coupled. We demonstrate this result by explicitly computing the evolution of the entropy of the matter fields in the case of a closed homogeneous and isotropic universe filled with dust and radiation, showing that, in this case, the sign of the entropy variation is determined by the evolution of the universe. The preservation of the second law of thermodynamics in these modified theories would require its generalization to account for a gravitational","authors_text":"P.P. Avelino, R.P.L. Azevedo","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T13:35:38Z","title":"Second law of thermodynamics in nonminimally coupled gravity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.02629","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:64ca7218eead4699d00884547c94e2a3df3e07efce2e5de880f58439a2454ef0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7eb74f4a673c29572131ec6e595bc2976e32a862038124ad6375e77007944e6e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T13:35:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"9035c192c4af2da8ca41c9375da1b087f225d77db2aac920b49f33f2279824f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.02629","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"51974c0a8031daacc5bcc8a3ca32165d01b9a9f4befecf2134714f197c54ac37","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51974c0a8031daacc5bcc8a3ca32165d01b9a9f4befecf2134714f197c54ac37","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38.746578Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38.746578Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"I5rbfOnHMr0TzzOjMYvR9FZtqHXko+Av9HKLJM/aVY/FvmJpPn5TJtvb9l9PfMdrsWLJJ025Rt81HZ+eeg7LDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:11:38.746969Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.02629","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:64ca7218eead4699d00884547c94e2a3df3e07efce2e5de880f58439a2454ef0","sha256:10de4754c2f5eb8a42b611ef53c76fda26f8f142092ae2cd80a322681f593633"],"state_sha256":"69b8a68c5c675ee236c58f9a0b8b2ce60a6a4aa389fd2c6925bd942946f93001"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"01o6iBjnrEZhlVABIPFss1LRO3jp98Hf61a6FqeO4bthhNZ3qLSO24clOeCUKtjO3xxFl/rbf7IfzY/Zj2ONBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:26:26.240684Z","bundle_sha256":"cc7cd6b2606ea20ca395554b3011785deb75919932224050262c358487824bf9"}}