{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744","short_pith_number":"pith:KGR2SXIX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.1767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2013-07-06T09:48:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"80d01894aeff97d802207a2eb54a1f04d84eee9d2a8006ca92ca624e7333b8f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"87154634a8af1dc3dda16c12cab284c268b83dbe572ec1591afc6610af80223e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51a3a95d17a2954f7bb4bc6f5eeebfe717f011f1ea035856273c08bb1cd5648f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1307.1767","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.1767","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.1767v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.1767","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGR2SXIXUKKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGR2SXIXUKKU665U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGR2SXIX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.1767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2013-07-06T09:48:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"80d01894aeff97d802207a2eb54a1f04d84eee9d2a8006ca92ca624e7333b8f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"87154634a8af1dc3dda16c12cab284c268b83dbe572ec1591afc6610af80223e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51a3a95d17a2954f7bb4bc6f5eeebfe717f011f1ea035856273c08bb1cd5648f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03.587900Z","signature_b64":"wMXMWyzxF0pilRyJU3U4eEpzCh3ZOJeGNnD07Rgc0LoPcTADk6ruwMIhLPQUHJOgnj8aeDWYlXycty1ycLDyAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51a3a95d17a2954f7bb4bc6f5eeebfe717f011f1ea035856273c08bb1cd5648f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03.587119Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03.587119Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1307.1767","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fz2y2YncejGCaLv0xsGv0+h8YnO4aXQU3dwIvW5iQejsvY9zh15/BviL8zrBy1KH3Xbu9hkKMNiP+Ou3E09/BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T10:23:23.841114Z"},"content_sha256":"a438cfdf8c44b0bf71e2700e7f12e38d93d62a2d044de9bc611951b400b6506e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a438cfdf8c44b0bf71e2700e7f12e38d93d62a2d044de9bc611951b400b6506e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Measurement of a Phase of a Radio Wave Reflected from Rock Salt and Ice Irradiated by an Electron Beam for Detection of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"Fumiaki Yabuki, Hiroyuki Yano, Masami Chiba, Masatoshi Fujii, Michiaki Utsumi, Osamu Yasuda, Souichirou Watanabe, Tadashi Kon, Takahiro Tanikawa, Toshio Kamijo, Yuichi Chikashige, Yutaka Shimizu","submitted_at":"2013-07-06T09:48:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have found a radio-wave-reflection effect in rock salt for the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos which are expected to be generated in Greisen, Zatsepin, and Kuzmin (GZK) processes in the universe. When an UHE neutrino interacts with rock salt or ice as a detection medium, a shower is generated. That shower is formed by hadronic and electromagnetic avalanche processes. The energy of the UHE neutrino shower converts to thermal energy through ionization processes. Consequently, the temperature rises along the shower produced by the UHE neutrino. The refractive index of the medium rises"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.1767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eIjxGzs8+PK0pBpiuNvcWmicUCxDUu0IIcYthSvw/R88LOjCGqdICefnofujnU8Fh3Smxtc1lqXO5fpVU2QnAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T10:23:23.841519Z"},"content_sha256":"09f4b90fbf042b0762a365b0fb52c916964161df0990400638c619e0719597ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09f4b90fbf042b0762a365b0fb52c916964161df0990400638c619e0719597ae"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T10:23:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:KGR2SXIXUKKU665UXRXV53V744","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"87154634a8af1dc3dda16c12cab284c268b83dbe572ec1591afc6610af80223e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2013-07-06T09:48:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"80d01894aeff97d802207a2eb54a1f04d84eee9d2a8006ca92ca624e7333b8f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.1767","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.1767","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.1767v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.1767","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGR2SXIXUKKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGR2SXIXUKKU665U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGR2SXIX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:09f4b90fbf042b0762a365b0fb52c916964161df0990400638c619e0719597ae","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have found a radio-wave-reflection effect in rock salt for the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos which are expected to be generated in Greisen, Zatsepin, and Kuzmin (GZK) processes in the universe. When an UHE neutrino interacts with rock salt or ice as a detection medium, a shower is generated. That shower is formed by hadronic and electromagnetic avalanche processes. The energy of the UHE neutrino shower converts to thermal energy through ionization processes. Consequently, the temperature rises along the shower produced by the UHE neutrino. The refractive index of the medium rises","authors_text":"Fumiaki Yabuki, Hiroyuki Yano, Masami Chiba, Masatoshi Fujii, Michiaki Utsumi, Osamu Yasuda, Souichirou Watanabe, Tadashi Kon, Takahiro Tanikawa, Toshio Kamijo, Yuichi Chikashige, Yutaka Shimizu","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2013-07-06T09:48:54Z","title":"Measurement of a Phase of a Radio Wave Reflected from Rock Salt and Ice Irradiated by an Electron Beam for Detection of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.1767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a438cfdf8c44b0bf71e2700e7f12e38d93d62a2d044de9bc611951b400b6506e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"87154634a8af1dc3dda16c12cab284c268b83dbe572ec1591afc6610af80223e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2013-07-06T09:48:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"80d01894aeff97d802207a2eb54a1f04d84eee9d2a8006ca92ca624e7333b8f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.1767","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"51a3a95d17a2954f7bb4bc6f5eeebfe717f011f1ea035856273c08bb1cd5648f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51a3a95d17a2954f7bb4bc6f5eeebfe717f011f1ea035856273c08bb1cd5648f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03.587119Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03.587119Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wMXMWyzxF0pilRyJU3U4eEpzCh3ZOJeGNnD07Rgc0LoPcTADk6ruwMIhLPQUHJOgnj8aeDWYlXycty1ycLDyAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:03.587900Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1307.1767","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a438cfdf8c44b0bf71e2700e7f12e38d93d62a2d044de9bc611951b400b6506e","sha256:09f4b90fbf042b0762a365b0fb52c916964161df0990400638c619e0719597ae"],"state_sha256":"6fc7716e52f433d7a9a2605b7a6d01250e6b16d5439cf7dabc1d90056418c6b3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IOU33SjEqAc2TzErpeYHvURhHIOWoxFOn0+eVBRmPjVWvPO3y6HRf/rJeKTtXPqR8xMNIWMGzEds+Wu7IWmIBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T10:23:23.844017Z","bundle_sha256":"1b72730000eea091b1afc372b784d9a846688a1aa699b6c1540ef78377e64964"}}