{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE","short_pith_number":"pith:KGWNN5MD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-11-30T21:07:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c85124f2788c4191588624bb0676c380e0f61ab0f5f5037f09890a0296a18f6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"40b17f1b6edb6ce9ef48abd23e5bca0a9bf98f0b61e42cac64e511ed37323bcf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51acd6f58326529e204af54efbf9119138c5ad5e1b4b787c71b7a0e4b1159948","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1612.00030","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.00030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.00030v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.00030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGWNN5MDEZJJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGWNN5MD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-11-30T21:07:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c85124f2788c4191588624bb0676c380e0f61ab0f5f5037f09890a0296a18f6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"40b17f1b6edb6ce9ef48abd23e5bca0a9bf98f0b61e42cac64e511ed37323bcf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51acd6f58326529e204af54efbf9119138c5ad5e1b4b787c71b7a0e4b1159948","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54.051023Z","signature_b64":"bKMucoW3QRJcR/6KoFiX/6lLeqyi/pperb5Z36+VQeNoAmZMiPWSymMtwmxk2rP33/xWatJzk1cGV9qpKO9+Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51acd6f58326529e204af54efbf9119138c5ad5e1b4b787c71b7a0e4b1159948","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54.050658Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54.050658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1612.00030","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zIReSFuoRu9SySRPlFdfN9NJcjoKenHvOBnrqF+m9zWWiD0ZiVrevSLzkWkulRg/3xKtxI/h+uin/AkdfFc8Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T00:39:02.434796Z"},"content_sha256":"ca9e55513a482419090e7f7b516596dde6383caa11520e09f81b8c2923fafcf5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ca9e55513a482419090e7f7b516596dde6383caa11520e09f81b8c2923fafcf5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Element Abundances and Source Plasma Temperatures of Solar Energetic Particles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Donald V. Reames","submitted_at":"2016-11-30T21:07:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Thirty years ago Breneman and Stone observed that the enhancement or suppression of element abundances in large solar energetic-particle (SEP) events varies as a power of the mass-to-charge ratio, A/Q, of the elements. Since Q during acceleration or transport may depend upon the source plasma temperature T, the pattern of element enhancements can provide a best-fit measure of T. The small SEP events we call 3He-rich or \"impulsive\" show average enhancements, relative to coronal abundances, rising as the 3.6 power of A/Q to a factor of ~1000 for (76<=Z<=82)/O and temperature in the range 2-4 MK."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tMBheoMeDpejfubV1ECcCBZnSnI+WHszINCcpcaIi8tmVrQLUk8ture6HgvQAGBUHY8adTqMkrpSljH3YCBDCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T00:39:02.435523Z"},"content_sha256":"02118eec985f1f3c47fc06d1f6cdd679ada677032291fcd687384e6082cfa574","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:02118eec985f1f3c47fc06d1f6cdd679ada677032291fcd687384e6082cfa574"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-12T00:39:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK6VHPX6IRSE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"40b17f1b6edb6ce9ef48abd23e5bca0a9bf98f0b61e42cac64e511ed37323bcf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-11-30T21:07:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c85124f2788c4191588624bb0676c380e0f61ab0f5f5037f09890a0296a18f6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.00030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.00030v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.00030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGWNN5MDEZJJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGWNN5MDEZJJ4ICK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGWNN5MD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:02118eec985f1f3c47fc06d1f6cdd679ada677032291fcd687384e6082cfa574","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Thirty years ago Breneman and Stone observed that the enhancement or suppression of element abundances in large solar energetic-particle (SEP) events varies as a power of the mass-to-charge ratio, A/Q, of the elements. Since Q during acceleration or transport may depend upon the source plasma temperature T, the pattern of element enhancements can provide a best-fit measure of T. The small SEP events we call 3He-rich or \"impulsive\" show average enhancements, relative to coronal abundances, rising as the 3.6 power of A/Q to a factor of ~1000 for (76<=Z<=82)/O and temperature in the range 2-4 MK.","authors_text":"Donald V. Reames","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-11-30T21:07:11Z","title":"Element Abundances and Source Plasma Temperatures of Solar Energetic Particles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca9e55513a482419090e7f7b516596dde6383caa11520e09f81b8c2923fafcf5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"40b17f1b6edb6ce9ef48abd23e5bca0a9bf98f0b61e42cac64e511ed37323bcf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-11-30T21:07:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c85124f2788c4191588624bb0676c380e0f61ab0f5f5037f09890a0296a18f6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"51acd6f58326529e204af54efbf9119138c5ad5e1b4b787c71b7a0e4b1159948","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51acd6f58326529e204af54efbf9119138c5ad5e1b4b787c71b7a0e4b1159948","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54.050658Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54.050658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bKMucoW3QRJcR/6KoFiX/6lLeqyi/pperb5Z36+VQeNoAmZMiPWSymMtwmxk2rP33/xWatJzk1cGV9qpKO9+Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:54.051023Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1612.00030","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca9e55513a482419090e7f7b516596dde6383caa11520e09f81b8c2923fafcf5","sha256:02118eec985f1f3c47fc06d1f6cdd679ada677032291fcd687384e6082cfa574"],"state_sha256":"a643560560897ebef5e59b61406ecee001eefcc3ae0e15e707b156f07a950294"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/0g0K9z4bogzNp7lUq/xg7cJ1kFycEJx0eAWlaq8q2H6juIjPolDnTMcnIdILwv/3XBZlzgrqL3jf3SioLhFCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T00:39:02.439622Z","bundle_sha256":"ff53bb84add158e8b6ccc1288801eb7bdbb8e909b1246452dbb778494f37d0a4"}}