{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ","short_pith_number":"pith:KGYECMAX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.7566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2014-07-28T20:52:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"23eda53dccef9d69dbb8fcd0b7b99ed973b146aa2fdfefda949acbc2aa6e4bf4","abstract_canon_sha256":"768e1c552890060e851d0650e6664a65b9173a4a085b2ff2115b5eb5181b1028"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51b04130171797b37bb99eb495ffdb6c26c2d989de7bc71df22d69cec06ef573","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1407.7566","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.7566","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.7566v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.7566","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGYECMAXC6L3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGYECMAXC6L3G65Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGYECMAX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.7566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2014-07-28T20:52:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"23eda53dccef9d69dbb8fcd0b7b99ed973b146aa2fdfefda949acbc2aa6e4bf4","abstract_canon_sha256":"768e1c552890060e851d0650e6664a65b9173a4a085b2ff2115b5eb5181b1028"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51b04130171797b37bb99eb495ffdb6c26c2d989de7bc71df22d69cec06ef573","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22.315443Z","signature_b64":"Aqj57geO+e5otaa7h0bYQ62Huy/6miXlxG2CqZboDFcVKZUw3nttZd4XkH9w66Mutt0XRpJJKBxnG5qHVghGBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51b04130171797b37bb99eb495ffdb6c26c2d989de7bc71df22d69cec06ef573","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22.315036Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22.315036Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1407.7566","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"luYpRapgFvH9c+Na9lr2c4tnAAuGiKr2O9XblD7PTrQVLEnPNAHHUYqnvW9bfulAbddmDNDUTnu1qrpU9aUoBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:00:06.912690Z"},"content_sha256":"b4c90797067e2d8515ed632c7d4946b2d5cd4202e5a85b00cf6d401044d1c7b9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b4c90797067e2d8515ed632c7d4946b2d5cd4202e5a85b00cf6d401044d1c7b9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dependence versus Conditional Dependence in Local Causal Discovery from Gene Expression Data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","authors_text":"Eric V. Strobl, Shyam Visweswaran","submitted_at":"2014-07-28T20:52:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Motivation: Algorithms that discover variables which are causally related to a target may inform the design of experiments. With observational gene expression data, many methods discover causal variables by measuring each variable's degree of statistical dependence with the target using dependence measures (DMs). However, other methods measure each variable's ability to explain the statistical dependence between the target and the remaining variables in the data using conditional dependence measures (CDMs), since this strategy is guaranteed to find the target's direct causes, direct effects, a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.7566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3qV1pRrlHrg+4vqpzAVZyyPoWhKpT/AH7SZWLFr5DM1sPh50JCO+ffbSMOGPy0iZv83sZMteECl8YQlz66R8DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:00:06.913048Z"},"content_sha256":"601e2730b9adb76c335101714ca75b7c991396967c5632f2333b8439d9482fa3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:601e2730b9adb76c335101714ca75b7c991396967c5632f2333b8439d9482fa3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T13:00:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:KGYECMAXC6L3G65ZT22JL763NQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"768e1c552890060e851d0650e6664a65b9173a4a085b2ff2115b5eb5181b1028","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2014-07-28T20:52:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"23eda53dccef9d69dbb8fcd0b7b99ed973b146aa2fdfefda949acbc2aa6e4bf4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.7566","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.7566","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.7566v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.7566","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KGYECMAXC6L3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KGYECMAXC6L3G65Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KGYECMAX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:601e2730b9adb76c335101714ca75b7c991396967c5632f2333b8439d9482fa3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Motivation: Algorithms that discover variables which are causally related to a target may inform the design of experiments. With observational gene expression data, many methods discover causal variables by measuring each variable's degree of statistical dependence with the target using dependence measures (DMs). However, other methods measure each variable's ability to explain the statistical dependence between the target and the remaining variables in the data using conditional dependence measures (CDMs), since this strategy is guaranteed to find the target's direct causes, direct effects, a","authors_text":"Eric V. Strobl, Shyam Visweswaran","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2014-07-28T20:52:18Z","title":"Dependence versus Conditional Dependence in Local Causal Discovery from Gene Expression Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.7566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b4c90797067e2d8515ed632c7d4946b2d5cd4202e5a85b00cf6d401044d1c7b9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"768e1c552890060e851d0650e6664a65b9173a4a085b2ff2115b5eb5181b1028","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2014-07-28T20:52:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"23eda53dccef9d69dbb8fcd0b7b99ed973b146aa2fdfefda949acbc2aa6e4bf4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.7566","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"51b04130171797b37bb99eb495ffdb6c26c2d989de7bc71df22d69cec06ef573","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51b04130171797b37bb99eb495ffdb6c26c2d989de7bc71df22d69cec06ef573","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22.315036Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22.315036Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Aqj57geO+e5otaa7h0bYQ62Huy/6miXlxG2CqZboDFcVKZUw3nttZd4XkH9w66Mutt0XRpJJKBxnG5qHVghGBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:22.315443Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1407.7566","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b4c90797067e2d8515ed632c7d4946b2d5cd4202e5a85b00cf6d401044d1c7b9","sha256:601e2730b9adb76c335101714ca75b7c991396967c5632f2333b8439d9482fa3"],"state_sha256":"35b80ff8f4ea03c61954383d3415652229c0ee1ed5a5e21b06d3cb4de441015f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l7OPXjr9zk3hBP92l1zQDU8dS6MGP5smioBbZi2mOG4ZnIKOdRM793jQE6YqANNeorID3WewIdPy7WWXRTZRAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:00:06.915128Z","bundle_sha256":"e892a2bdac3eaae6c2b36eac0097393727d6bbfc1aff5a178b3fa70d056a492e"}}