{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH","short_pith_number":"pith:KH3GBFZR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.02634","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T18:03:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1a886aad1f187aef00192587a751f81073fa4dad5060e8656cd4e9f71b704de6","abstract_canon_sha256":"e3137decaf4fa797893f3105683ccef3dbb820ccdffe862185cb6d4d07881089"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51f6609731e04694653da58440f9bd19fb68bb5ff61b5e0c9f7f2e999b651ded","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.02634","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.02634","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.02634v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.02634","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KH3GBFZR4BDJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KH3GBFZR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.02634","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T18:03:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1a886aad1f187aef00192587a751f81073fa4dad5060e8656cd4e9f71b704de6","abstract_canon_sha256":"e3137decaf4fa797893f3105683ccef3dbb820ccdffe862185cb6d4d07881089"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51f6609731e04694653da58440f9bd19fb68bb5ff61b5e0c9f7f2e999b651ded","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52.848100Z","signature_b64":"VMDB4huxbmzTYdDxBnRgYustKt2QXoINm7uH+0De5u7YXwdNBuyuoYFTLr7A2t6UmwAers9BRF5hDfGqe0SsBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51f6609731e04694653da58440f9bd19fb68bb5ff61b5e0c9f7f2e999b651ded","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52.847616Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52.847616Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.02634","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"whiujGTVvI56vMDI7HZH6ZAGGtdpht58HNLqouOlftaNvTV5lC2+eSZlfgDJkRf9/Vc5JLtkGnaDSTIFDjGmDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T05:13:26.486242Z"},"content_sha256":"92b92fdaa592651b97274be30f38d59ff0d22e8653ddd41c599c59fb99982f3b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92b92fdaa592651b97274be30f38d59ff0d22e8653ddd41c599c59fb99982f3b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Liquefaction: Privately Liquefying Blockchain Assets","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Andr\\'es F\\'abrega, Ari Juels, Dani Vilardell, James Austgen, Jay Yu, Kushal Babel, Mahimna Kelkar, Sarah Allen","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T18:03:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Inherent in the world of cryptocurrency systems and their security models is the notion that private keys, and thus assets, are controlled by individuals or individual entities.\n  We present Liquefaction, a wallet platform that demonstrates the dangerous fragility of this foundational assumption by systemically breaking it. Liquefaction uses trusted execution environments (TEEs) to encumber private keys, i.e., attach rich, multi-user policies to their use. In this way, it enables the cryptocurrency credentials and assets of a single end-user address to be freely rented, shared, or pooled. It a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.02634","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.02634/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aJX4pTZ2DFdDYVQnir0xgTN3e14VS8uaCX2xO/ot6nTl31W4aoFGMzr+B4nOpT5lVbkUeF1KA/rru9LkT+ovDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T05:13:26.486611Z"},"content_sha256":"48ea31485a87864c32cff7bb39945529f02850b496f5026b6b3a49c2976daaf4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:48ea31485a87864c32cff7bb39945529f02850b496f5026b6b3a49c2976daaf4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T05:13:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5UWCEB6N5DH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e3137decaf4fa797893f3105683ccef3dbb820ccdffe862185cb6d4d07881089","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T18:03:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"1a886aad1f187aef00192587a751f81073fa4dad5060e8656cd4e9f71b704de6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.02634","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.02634","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.02634v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.02634","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KH3GBFZR4BDJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KH3GBFZR4BDJIZJ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KH3GBFZR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:48ea31485a87864c32cff7bb39945529f02850b496f5026b6b3a49c2976daaf4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.02634/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Inherent in the world of cryptocurrency systems and their security models is the notion that private keys, and thus assets, are controlled by individuals or individual entities.\n  We present Liquefaction, a wallet platform that demonstrates the dangerous fragility of this foundational assumption by systemically breaking it. Liquefaction uses trusted execution environments (TEEs) to encumber private keys, i.e., attach rich, multi-user policies to their use. In this way, it enables the cryptocurrency credentials and assets of a single end-user address to be freely rented, shared, or pooled. It a","authors_text":"Andr\\'es F\\'abrega, Ari Juels, Dani Vilardell, James Austgen, Jay Yu, Kushal Babel, Mahimna Kelkar, Sarah Allen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T18:03:54Z","title":"Liquefaction: Privately Liquefying Blockchain Assets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.02634","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:92b92fdaa592651b97274be30f38d59ff0d22e8653ddd41c599c59fb99982f3b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e3137decaf4fa797893f3105683ccef3dbb820ccdffe862185cb6d4d07881089","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T18:03:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"1a886aad1f187aef00192587a751f81073fa4dad5060e8656cd4e9f71b704de6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.02634","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"51f6609731e04694653da58440f9bd19fb68bb5ff61b5e0c9f7f2e999b651ded","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51f6609731e04694653da58440f9bd19fb68bb5ff61b5e0c9f7f2e999b651ded","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52.847616Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52.847616Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VMDB4huxbmzTYdDxBnRgYustKt2QXoINm7uH+0De5u7YXwdNBuyuoYFTLr7A2t6UmwAers9BRF5hDfGqe0SsBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:52.848100Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.02634","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:92b92fdaa592651b97274be30f38d59ff0d22e8653ddd41c599c59fb99982f3b","sha256:48ea31485a87864c32cff7bb39945529f02850b496f5026b6b3a49c2976daaf4"],"state_sha256":"c88b7264b05ad76f089c76b156caa31994ce80e4dce35c0624f16f3bf351440e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SkPmpxA9bp2pVP4Y7qP/MWkOSEBfbU5mF8cADPHCXSDHbVtIp9jaEFzgfa3sFCK1S50kVNFqLGlK/ixFXo0QBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T05:13:26.489396Z","bundle_sha256":"b700b7e05d2d1b2c5e15bc54f3457e160fab200f15adfd63ba82b5f27545a657"}}