{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC","short_pith_number":"pith:KH5XGXEH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.08886","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-02-17T17:27:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5380b10edae18d6e835f76b96d202f213cb91bf115d5f08562790719a16eef61","abstract_canon_sha256":"571fc8e4fba011c418fcb1c64c42c195f0863d8ceb4f3fa9d191fd2c41994abc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51fb735c87ba31804f8529a3c7fcd9b8b6bacf21493a5b014115b0eb5101f878","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.08886","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.08886","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.08886v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.08886","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KH5XGXEHXIYY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KH5XGXEH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.08886","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-02-17T17:27:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5380b10edae18d6e835f76b96d202f213cb91bf115d5f08562790719a16eef61","abstract_canon_sha256":"571fc8e4fba011c418fcb1c64c42c195f0863d8ceb4f3fa9d191fd2c41994abc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51fb735c87ba31804f8529a3c7fcd9b8b6bacf21493a5b014115b0eb5101f878","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09.198694Z","signature_b64":"TZVQuhvAmMOjXLNLxEhqSWqW3r0pKYrSHJD1Pi5Y7dfwfJAkut08cfijhylKyHYSM4c5L198fmkNwutbiWhJBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51fb735c87ba31804f8529a3c7fcd9b8b6bacf21493a5b014115b0eb5101f878","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09.198160Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09.198160Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.08886","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mEFtkwyOGIK/XmEtyc7ICYTtw61h4YzW7iVxoXQwtdfGwr1zakrRH06xadYbdm6MSj5tGO+x97D3DUFtKnCjBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T23:39:26.134081Z"},"content_sha256":"b933c8ad7b5d6d4b645a42e93d39943f2d4dc10f7335d2868444f525117cbc5a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b933c8ad7b5d6d4b645a42e93d39943f2d4dc10f7335d2868444f525117cbc5a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards generalisable hate speech detection: a review on obstacles and solutions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Arkaitz Zubiaga, Wenjie Yin","submitted_at":"2021-02-17T17:27:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hate speech is one type of harmful online content which directly attacks or promotes hate towards a group or an individual member based on their actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. With online hate speech on the rise, its automatic detection as a natural language processing task is gaining increasing interest. However, it is only recently that it has been shown that existing models generalise poorly to unseen data. This survey paper attempts to summarise how generalisable existing hate speech detection models are, reason why hate speech"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.08886","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.08886/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jG7F2f/Gv8XWxoC6pxnrJABlPK9xDExH4qqEVu+Hd8diMBxGzCI5ft0EcLxH5nyO5svRC5cHqnjOCVM4/pMqCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T23:39:26.134689Z"},"content_sha256":"dd19715b4a47311e001a82d23d4a27c102d940865057273d35c2011dd4629bd1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd19715b4a47311e001a82d23d4a27c102d940865057273d35c2011dd4629bd1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T23:39:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4FFGR4P7GZXC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"571fc8e4fba011c418fcb1c64c42c195f0863d8ceb4f3fa9d191fd2c41994abc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-02-17T17:27:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"5380b10edae18d6e835f76b96d202f213cb91bf115d5f08562790719a16eef61"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.08886","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.08886","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.08886v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.08886","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KH5XGXEHXIYY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KH5XGXEHXIYYAT4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KH5XGXEH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dd19715b4a47311e001a82d23d4a27c102d940865057273d35c2011dd4629bd1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.08886/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hate speech is one type of harmful online content which directly attacks or promotes hate towards a group or an individual member based on their actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. With online hate speech on the rise, its automatic detection as a natural language processing task is gaining increasing interest. However, it is only recently that it has been shown that existing models generalise poorly to unseen data. This survey paper attempts to summarise how generalisable existing hate speech detection models are, reason why hate speech","authors_text":"Arkaitz Zubiaga, Wenjie Yin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-02-17T17:27:48Z","title":"Towards generalisable hate speech detection: a review on obstacles and solutions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.08886","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b933c8ad7b5d6d4b645a42e93d39943f2d4dc10f7335d2868444f525117cbc5a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"571fc8e4fba011c418fcb1c64c42c195f0863d8ceb4f3fa9d191fd2c41994abc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-02-17T17:27:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"5380b10edae18d6e835f76b96d202f213cb91bf115d5f08562790719a16eef61"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.08886","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"51fb735c87ba31804f8529a3c7fcd9b8b6bacf21493a5b014115b0eb5101f878","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51fb735c87ba31804f8529a3c7fcd9b8b6bacf21493a5b014115b0eb5101f878","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09.198160Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09.198160Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TZVQuhvAmMOjXLNLxEhqSWqW3r0pKYrSHJD1Pi5Y7dfwfJAkut08cfijhylKyHYSM4c5L198fmkNwutbiWhJBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:09.198694Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.08886","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b933c8ad7b5d6d4b645a42e93d39943f2d4dc10f7335d2868444f525117cbc5a","sha256:dd19715b4a47311e001a82d23d4a27c102d940865057273d35c2011dd4629bd1"],"state_sha256":"2fc3beda4a0e93dd60baf4f7407d365dbe8a94cb0d31beb1d52a706936426842"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LIoEASnnZSNGonjXxhCj4Vw/DqxSy/mNlvXsA4jl3p6EMk66Op7hkw1Dlglxt+HZODp+GGBEgzYKiFCK7wF4AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T23:39:26.169361Z","bundle_sha256":"cdbbc1d3a19b82f1f9dbfe81bdcc231b0874a90cf6e9f4ca92d28f265a7cf89f"}}