{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ","short_pith_number":"pith:KHAAU75F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.07915","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-01-28T21:01:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3a51ab3eb8cbbc947c9d3e9f8fc2f66f29f214e1935a34a1dd2bcdd39a79969c","abstract_canon_sha256":"85db6a4f5ca34de732946de1db60b13cf685eaf0acb8bde303734e43c2c3da8d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51c00a7fa57e81919ee5fc48a5290d326aebdecdf6042169f7d582febe31e6b3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.07915","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.07915","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.07915v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.07915","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KHAAU75FP2AZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KHAAU75F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.07915","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-01-28T21:01:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3a51ab3eb8cbbc947c9d3e9f8fc2f66f29f214e1935a34a1dd2bcdd39a79969c","abstract_canon_sha256":"85db6a4f5ca34de732946de1db60b13cf685eaf0acb8bde303734e43c2c3da8d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51c00a7fa57e81919ee5fc48a5290d326aebdecdf6042169f7d582febe31e6b3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03.846360Z","signature_b64":"kcJpJdoG7Tiju8gq5tq7kbzDdEr344YQkmpVOlsOm2+Nxuk4eGN1vb1UJFNWBRNmZae7UUvfsqjKAltXJQ0GAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51c00a7fa57e81919ee5fc48a5290d326aebdecdf6042169f7d582febe31e6b3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03.845725Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03.845725Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.07915","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5fZWnanPNvU6tfg21nOG4ykasUucsXRPbrGKBr3qmtxnfeEEpUO1BowMijWik1OjP1thq/PH1CLqsYn4u/X+Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T17:47:40.370719Z"},"content_sha256":"30670063a39141019829bf198b85f9518a41e7202595c21b1c08efd48e01b7ba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30670063a39141019829bf198b85f9518a41e7202595c21b1c08efd48e01b7ba"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"From the first stars to the first black holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Kazuyuki Omukai, Marta Volonteri, Raffaella Schneider, Rosa Valiante","submitted_at":"2016-01-28T21:01:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"The growth of the first super massive black holes (SMBHs) at z > 6 is still a major challenge for theoretical models. If it starts from black hole (BH) remnants of Population III stars (light seeds with mass ~ 100 Msun) it requires super-Eddington accretion. An alternative route is to start from heavy seeds formed by the direct collapse of gas onto a ~ 10^5 Msun BH. Here we investigate the relative role of light and heavy seeds as BH progenitors of the first SMBHs. We use the cosmological, data constrained semi-analytic model GAMETE/QSOdust to simulate several independent merger histories of z"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.07915","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/rTQXDumFepxWKZFH1eZIL/T57e5vVgsq/kWnm4b0ipdqZQBhpthqQQUj+Q5yQWWcfIm0SjpoXtCwj/yqkX+Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T17:47:40.371061Z"},"content_sha256":"356c2a1b168fd2a723c3fe0d7f42749083c7f26222f41cf93c9bcf27ac29c503","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:356c2a1b168fd2a723c3fe0d7f42749083c7f26222f41cf93c9bcf27ac29c503"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T17:47:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF7REKKKINGJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85db6a4f5ca34de732946de1db60b13cf685eaf0acb8bde303734e43c2c3da8d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-01-28T21:01:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"3a51ab3eb8cbbc947c9d3e9f8fc2f66f29f214e1935a34a1dd2bcdd39a79969c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.07915","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.07915","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.07915v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.07915","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KHAAU75FP2AZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KHAAU75FP2AZDHXF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KHAAU75F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:356c2a1b168fd2a723c3fe0d7f42749083c7f26222f41cf93c9bcf27ac29c503","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The growth of the first super massive black holes (SMBHs) at z > 6 is still a major challenge for theoretical models. If it starts from black hole (BH) remnants of Population III stars (light seeds with mass ~ 100 Msun) it requires super-Eddington accretion. An alternative route is to start from heavy seeds formed by the direct collapse of gas onto a ~ 10^5 Msun BH. Here we investigate the relative role of light and heavy seeds as BH progenitors of the first SMBHs. We use the cosmological, data constrained semi-analytic model GAMETE/QSOdust to simulate several independent merger histories of z","authors_text":"Kazuyuki Omukai, Marta Volonteri, Raffaella Schneider, Rosa Valiante","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-01-28T21:01:18Z","title":"From the first stars to the first black holes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.07915","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:30670063a39141019829bf198b85f9518a41e7202595c21b1c08efd48e01b7ba","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85db6a4f5ca34de732946de1db60b13cf685eaf0acb8bde303734e43c2c3da8d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2016-01-28T21:01:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"3a51ab3eb8cbbc947c9d3e9f8fc2f66f29f214e1935a34a1dd2bcdd39a79969c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.07915","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"51c00a7fa57e81919ee5fc48a5290d326aebdecdf6042169f7d582febe31e6b3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51c00a7fa57e81919ee5fc48a5290d326aebdecdf6042169f7d582febe31e6b3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03.845725Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03.845725Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kcJpJdoG7Tiju8gq5tq7kbzDdEr344YQkmpVOlsOm2+Nxuk4eGN1vb1UJFNWBRNmZae7UUvfsqjKAltXJQ0GAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:03.846360Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.07915","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:30670063a39141019829bf198b85f9518a41e7202595c21b1c08efd48e01b7ba","sha256:356c2a1b168fd2a723c3fe0d7f42749083c7f26222f41cf93c9bcf27ac29c503"],"state_sha256":"645fc0ad6f7c4285218f9bc42533cb0cf4408f83369edbe693c1a8816c91f738"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ovFKFCmNq0CFTr4m1qURvN6ge33VcZfE1z7qudWwdHknXYmn32i2Oc1bD0KngfRdBlJA++3q30RCke7O8H0XCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T17:47:40.372976Z","bundle_sha256":"edb9aabfc54916e0c34220b3c3457677899ec7838ca631a762de6d2a67386d9f"}}