{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6","short_pith_number":"pith:KHELA5MS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.07844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-04-26T20:27:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","physics.pop-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f4ccdf445bae09a237c2e25134b436b5fc7f5250a2b2fc7cb2b30ba6ba800c8","abstract_canon_sha256":"25fa57c7860eabdde0c6c1c24b22fb14a281cdabaf3d1806640a499472d04378"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51c8b075924185d5fb534232b44634c7b684f6190a22900610e84588f2407e0c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.07844","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.07844","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.07844v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.07844","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KHELA5MSIGC5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KHELA5MSIGC5L62T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KHELA5MS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.07844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-04-26T20:27:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","physics.pop-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f4ccdf445bae09a237c2e25134b436b5fc7f5250a2b2fc7cb2b30ba6ba800c8","abstract_canon_sha256":"25fa57c7860eabdde0c6c1c24b22fb14a281cdabaf3d1806640a499472d04378"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"51c8b075924185d5fb534232b44634c7b684f6190a22900610e84588f2407e0c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08.851603Z","signature_b64":"kS1rC+yzeoOiO0oZXUQfO/DTNms4LGZCaa01AVjqlgGI1/5TkbptsmfLk28dDB5GGV5nztgNHt0l0y+X61t1Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51c8b075924185d5fb534232b44634c7b684f6190a22900610e84588f2407e0c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08.850999Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08.850999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.07844","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lCwdOvRQUcQQYnCSfPQj05pez24YIh6tEMO/Ocx6306UbpD1rmyTnKovre4RKnCot3FIL+SP4f9dO58vY3E0Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T02:59:32.884048Z"},"content_sha256":"1cce6c4fdb7329c8a0f80f5c829730a85f5c58484f33dbbcd04624af2520c10a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1cce6c4fdb7329c8a0f80f5c829730a85f5c58484f33dbbcd04624af2520c10a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Type III Societies (Apparently) Do Not Exist","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","physics.pop-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"Brian C. Lacki","submitted_at":"2016-04-26T20:27:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"[Abridged] Whether technological societies remain small and planet-bound like our own, or ultimately span across galaxies is an open question in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Societies that engineer on a galactic scale are classified as Type III on Kardashev's scale. I argue that Type III societies can take the form of blackboxes, entire galaxies veiled in an opaque screen. A blackbox has a temperature that is just above that of the cosmic microwave background. The screen can be made from artificial dust pervading the galaxy. I show that there is enough material in galaxies to "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.07844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7kEVM+zbOoH68kRV/1muR4jYYueClWBEP4qb7IVWhzbSRUolLIWTyB1/6INfSCAk6dtTFiijN3RIP3U7b5dDCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T02:59:32.884422Z"},"content_sha256":"a5000902975789235f43446dc98d4b6aa97635f457e31c0d772f830d018faa3b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5000902975789235f43446dc98d4b6aa97635f457e31c0d772f830d018faa3b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-22T02:59:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KHELA5MSIGC5L62TIIZLIRRUY6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25fa57c7860eabdde0c6c1c24b22fb14a281cdabaf3d1806640a499472d04378","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","physics.pop-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-04-26T20:27:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f4ccdf445bae09a237c2e25134b436b5fc7f5250a2b2fc7cb2b30ba6ba800c8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.07844","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.07844","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.07844v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.07844","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KHELA5MSIGC5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KHELA5MSIGC5L62T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KHELA5MS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a5000902975789235f43446dc98d4b6aa97635f457e31c0d772f830d018faa3b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"[Abridged] Whether technological societies remain small and planet-bound like our own, or ultimately span across galaxies is an open question in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Societies that engineer on a galactic scale are classified as Type III on Kardashev's scale. I argue that Type III societies can take the form of blackboxes, entire galaxies veiled in an opaque screen. A blackbox has a temperature that is just above that of the cosmic microwave background. The screen can be made from artificial dust pervading the galaxy. I show that there is enough material in galaxies to ","authors_text":"Brian C. Lacki","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","physics.pop-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-04-26T20:27:48Z","title":"Type III Societies (Apparently) Do Not Exist"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.07844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1cce6c4fdb7329c8a0f80f5c829730a85f5c58484f33dbbcd04624af2520c10a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25fa57c7860eabdde0c6c1c24b22fb14a281cdabaf3d1806640a499472d04378","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","physics.pop-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-04-26T20:27:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f4ccdf445bae09a237c2e25134b436b5fc7f5250a2b2fc7cb2b30ba6ba800c8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.07844","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"51c8b075924185d5fb534232b44634c7b684f6190a22900610e84588f2407e0c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"51c8b075924185d5fb534232b44634c7b684f6190a22900610e84588f2407e0c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08.850999Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08.850999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kS1rC+yzeoOiO0oZXUQfO/DTNms4LGZCaa01AVjqlgGI1/5TkbptsmfLk28dDB5GGV5nztgNHt0l0y+X61t1Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:08.851603Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.07844","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1cce6c4fdb7329c8a0f80f5c829730a85f5c58484f33dbbcd04624af2520c10a","sha256:a5000902975789235f43446dc98d4b6aa97635f457e31c0d772f830d018faa3b"],"state_sha256":"1256c2f639d11ba7889a69734d1c007eaec59ce2d270b666aaddb590687d7b9a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HBTzB7J9oiynq15VZ73tovx8tHEROAoKUwQNwaAOf2pHlfVnwd+VtuDA3/K1nE4rpnfBEJiDJ3xTMkl7p15pBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T02:59:32.887438Z","bundle_sha256":"46e2c1f550a84738fcfd5b5c57956493a1b5ecde5e2e1903fa8127f0d0024987"}}