{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ","short_pith_number":"pith:KHLU56B6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"51d74ef83e1a956c34ec8d562198792e53c149a51713ccd060ad5d0572a9ec9b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1408.3456","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"SimLex-999: Evaluating Semantic Models with (Genuine) Similarity Estimation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Anna Korhonen, Felix Hill, Roi Reichart","submitted_at":"2014-08-15T01:59:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present SimLex-999, a gold standard resource for evaluating distributional semantic models that improves on existing resources in several important ways. First, in contrast to gold standards such as WordSim-353 and MEN, it explicitly quantifies similarity rather than association or relatedness, so that pairs of entities that are associated but not actually similar [Freud, psychology] have a low rating. We show that, via this focus on similarity, SimLex-999 incentivizes the development of models with a different, and arguably wider range of applications than those which reflect conceptual as"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.3456","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2014-08-15T01:59:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bf0580d187ceb554031ec98084d2f157fdaa46674e5f864073d5a6bb51e46e9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9a97ebabae9ca282a44d2cd96deee8c9d57a0c345e658b68f588eb70838dec92"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875956Z","signature_b64":"4wGV6wmPGfp1hYR+bzeedIG9myIAYgGlkfHFaRfjABS2Qcds7JzD9QkOqW5stEwFibd9bmsuovH0nX1WMN7ZDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"51d74ef83e1a956c34ec8d562198792e53c149a51713ccd060ad5d0572a9ec9b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875367Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875367Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SimLex-999: Evaluating Semantic Models with (Genuine) Similarity Estimation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Anna Korhonen, Felix Hill, Roi Reichart","submitted_at":"2014-08-15T01:59:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present SimLex-999, a gold standard resource for evaluating distributional semantic models that improves on existing resources in several important ways. First, in contrast to gold standards such as WordSim-353 and MEN, it explicitly quantifies similarity rather than association or relatedness, so that pairs of entities that are associated but not actually similar [Freud, psychology] have a low rating. We show that, via this focus on similarity, SimLex-999 incentivizes the development of models with a different, and arguably wider range of applications than those which reflect conceptual as"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.3456","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.3456","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875482+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.3456v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875482+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.3456","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875482+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KHLU56B6DKKW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35.611951+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KHLU56B6DKKWYNHM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35.611951+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KHLU56B6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35.611951+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/KHLU56B6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/KHLU56B6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1408.3456&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/KHLU56B6DKKWYNHMRVLCDGDZFZ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875482+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:05.875482+00:00"}