{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y","short_pith_number":"pith:KIAJNZ4N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1703.06553","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-03-20T01:09:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b2faadbac913c9f3e41520ad2c1cc9535ca469d05d8a5657f6f71d25b5def41d","abstract_canon_sha256":"469c0e7c86fc1f1e2f7d677a5f793c805e702dfdd454df73ac78dd44835f8a3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"520096e78dab8096949709f95c67b6d6118c815036df48373f9593fca4b81d4b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1703.06553","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1703.06553","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1703.06553v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1703.06553","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KIAJNZ4NVOAJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KIAJNZ4N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1703.06553","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-03-20T01:09:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b2faadbac913c9f3e41520ad2c1cc9535ca469d05d8a5657f6f71d25b5def41d","abstract_canon_sha256":"469c0e7c86fc1f1e2f7d677a5f793c805e702dfdd454df73ac78dd44835f8a3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"520096e78dab8096949709f95c67b6d6118c815036df48373f9593fca4b81d4b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34.584672Z","signature_b64":"FzePzZikBChKumUuqq8NbpftjNyPdRpuwdy3Obev/9+otiUQAwyiUzmObmFOLtvZ/o7y5uI9fGfJZwjCXEHAAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"520096e78dab8096949709f95c67b6d6118c815036df48373f9593fca4b81d4b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34.584217Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34.584217Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1703.06553","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JciJFF7J/2BRuDi8ADIo7bL2hqWhBJ7AFHxbx6mQg3v5ao2d3HZUurzwGff+YSUEE+ItugHWugHQetWvfTI6Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T23:43:28.878809Z"},"content_sha256":"bfe4a39ff54de317e11d8c0143adc067ece5c5bb4cd46e62678a7e0cabee91f1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bfe4a39ff54de317e11d8c0143adc067ece5c5bb4cd46e62678a7e0cabee91f1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An entrainment model for fully-developed wind farms: effects of atmospheric stability and an ideal limit for wind farm performance","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Colm-Cille P. Caulfield, Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz","submitted_at":"2017-03-20T01:09:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"While a theoretical limit has long been established for the performance of a single turbine, no corresponding upper bound exists for the power output from a large wind farm, making it difficult to evaluate the available potential for further performance gains. Here we build a model describing the essential features of a large array of turbines with arbitrary design and layout, by considering a fully-developed wind farm whose upper edge is bounded by a self-similar boundary layer. The exchanges between the wind farm, the overlaying boundary layer, and the outer flow are parameterized by means o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1703.06553","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gdJj/tSukXePh4MjIwedWECToWzRZmDWnvTrKCNabgODrt+qBk6m99Y5wdjEVXz83lMe0hdKQtew1q27OPaJCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T23:43:28.879166Z"},"content_sha256":"d059ee55bcd5c1af240adc6fcdc5b78545dde2c00f80782d271c7ba19c2633fa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d059ee55bcd5c1af240adc6fcdc5b78545dde2c00f80782d271c7ba19c2633fa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T23:43:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEXBH4VYZ5W2Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"469c0e7c86fc1f1e2f7d677a5f793c805e702dfdd454df73ac78dd44835f8a3f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-03-20T01:09:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"b2faadbac913c9f3e41520ad2c1cc9535ca469d05d8a5657f6f71d25b5def41d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1703.06553","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1703.06553","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1703.06553v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1703.06553","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KIAJNZ4NVOAJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KIAJNZ4NVOAJNFEX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KIAJNZ4N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d059ee55bcd5c1af240adc6fcdc5b78545dde2c00f80782d271c7ba19c2633fa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While a theoretical limit has long been established for the performance of a single turbine, no corresponding upper bound exists for the power output from a large wind farm, making it difficult to evaluate the available potential for further performance gains. Here we build a model describing the essential features of a large array of turbines with arbitrary design and layout, by considering a fully-developed wind farm whose upper edge is bounded by a self-similar boundary layer. The exchanges between the wind farm, the overlaying boundary layer, and the outer flow are parameterized by means o","authors_text":"Colm-Cille P. Caulfield, Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-03-20T01:09:01Z","title":"An entrainment model for fully-developed wind farms: effects of atmospheric stability and an ideal limit for wind farm performance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1703.06553","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bfe4a39ff54de317e11d8c0143adc067ece5c5bb4cd46e62678a7e0cabee91f1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"469c0e7c86fc1f1e2f7d677a5f793c805e702dfdd454df73ac78dd44835f8a3f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-03-20T01:09:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"b2faadbac913c9f3e41520ad2c1cc9535ca469d05d8a5657f6f71d25b5def41d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1703.06553","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"520096e78dab8096949709f95c67b6d6118c815036df48373f9593fca4b81d4b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"520096e78dab8096949709f95c67b6d6118c815036df48373f9593fca4b81d4b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34.584217Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34.584217Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FzePzZikBChKumUuqq8NbpftjNyPdRpuwdy3Obev/9+otiUQAwyiUzmObmFOLtvZ/o7y5uI9fGfJZwjCXEHAAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:34.584672Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1703.06553","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bfe4a39ff54de317e11d8c0143adc067ece5c5bb4cd46e62678a7e0cabee91f1","sha256:d059ee55bcd5c1af240adc6fcdc5b78545dde2c00f80782d271c7ba19c2633fa"],"state_sha256":"6d5213d3d34d0312db24cd1d7118f9ad99b40a56b86d3d5f9fd267ee38c10f9a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j+RMdPviN7UUG1fLRo3JnWjYfcVHVdbkXJ1kqIHvY3aO2v34ReK0uxdBhJ0Zhyd5BgYjqPcuCUgZNVGbE/8IBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T23:43:28.881407Z","bundle_sha256":"bd6ad32bd711e0588abe1b3da2eddb070e0d091ca8fab8345f28e7b97b773fda"}}