{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG","short_pith_number":"pith:KJNQUK32","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1008.3704","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-22T16:08:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5dbf684723dfada785fddd5bf552a201c027970e7bf3adaaf6b739ffb095ef43","abstract_canon_sha256":"af5378f97aeab0eb5f105ccce3987c1b49573664f62c0b8ba9a66d684457113f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"525b0a2b7a9f1f2f0121e60bb0b16f71a8c3c995be10f5b3ea4fe7cd1f2b5668","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1008.3704","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1008.3704","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1008.3704v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1008.3704","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KJNQUK32T4PS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KJNQUK32","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1008.3704","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-22T16:08:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5dbf684723dfada785fddd5bf552a201c027970e7bf3adaaf6b739ffb095ef43","abstract_canon_sha256":"af5378f97aeab0eb5f105ccce3987c1b49573664f62c0b8ba9a66d684457113f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"525b0a2b7a9f1f2f0121e60bb0b16f71a8c3c995be10f5b3ea4fe7cd1f2b5668","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33.226077Z","signature_b64":"8dbHEIUQoOfUkmKnIxwWtU9kvxsCbDE48AXcJJRIyUMNddOPshyclxYAThmDF2QGPBCYQPHSgjwYhY0YVlI7CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"525b0a2b7a9f1f2f0121e60bb0b16f71a8c3c995be10f5b3ea4fe7cd1f2b5668","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33.225506Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33.225506Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1008.3704","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wuQDFo8TEBwxBB8DKS35/PjREceyLJiUU82grQK8avHm6DZxecsMF4zKj+JynxALcEXgQUaki7IppFsLxlTODA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T07:08:12.633128Z"},"content_sha256":"d825fc8c171589963e425ff4e36a204f4ba7bcca4a0c4484440c7f9f1cd6cf3c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d825fc8c171589963e425ff4e36a204f4ba7bcca4a0c4484440c7f9f1cd6cf3c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gate-controlled Guiding of Electrons in Graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"C. M. Marcus, J. R. Williams, M. S. Lundstrom, Tony Low","submitted_at":"2010-08-22T16:08:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ballistic semiconductor structures have allowed the realization of optics-like phenomena in electronics, including magnetic focusing and lensing. An extension that appears unique to graphene is to use both n and p carrier types to create electronic analogs of optical devices having both positive and negative indices of refraction. Here, we use gate-controlled density with both p and n carrier types to demonstrate the analog of the fiber-optic guiding in graphene. Two basic effects are investigated: (1) bipolar p-n junction guiding, based on the principle of angle-selective transmission though "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1008.3704","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B2rSQQroLyoGaseIp8mUsrUb5lid8ASmyzxu+IrgRlH4Er4HLmZ7B4sNSM8k2EycJ6GYZ2nEvif58WYOHfnEDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T07:08:12.633713Z"},"content_sha256":"916b04e388908408b9fbcd5e6580755a0bfc4b98c5ddbe4bf449d062064cf7db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:916b04e388908408b9fbcd5e6580755a0bfc4b98c5ddbe4bf449d062064cf7db"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-19T07:08:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB4YF3BMLPOG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af5378f97aeab0eb5f105ccce3987c1b49573664f62c0b8ba9a66d684457113f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-22T16:08:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"5dbf684723dfada785fddd5bf552a201c027970e7bf3adaaf6b739ffb095ef43"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1008.3704","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1008.3704","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1008.3704v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1008.3704","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KJNQUK32T4PS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KJNQUK32T4PS6AJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KJNQUK32","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:916b04e388908408b9fbcd5e6580755a0bfc4b98c5ddbe4bf449d062064cf7db","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ballistic semiconductor structures have allowed the realization of optics-like phenomena in electronics, including magnetic focusing and lensing. An extension that appears unique to graphene is to use both n and p carrier types to create electronic analogs of optical devices having both positive and negative indices of refraction. Here, we use gate-controlled density with both p and n carrier types to demonstrate the analog of the fiber-optic guiding in graphene. Two basic effects are investigated: (1) bipolar p-n junction guiding, based on the principle of angle-selective transmission though ","authors_text":"C. M. Marcus, J. R. Williams, M. S. Lundstrom, Tony Low","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-22T16:08:41Z","title":"Gate-controlled Guiding of Electrons in Graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1008.3704","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d825fc8c171589963e425ff4e36a204f4ba7bcca4a0c4484440c7f9f1cd6cf3c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af5378f97aeab0eb5f105ccce3987c1b49573664f62c0b8ba9a66d684457113f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-22T16:08:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"5dbf684723dfada785fddd5bf552a201c027970e7bf3adaaf6b739ffb095ef43"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1008.3704","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"525b0a2b7a9f1f2f0121e60bb0b16f71a8c3c995be10f5b3ea4fe7cd1f2b5668","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"525b0a2b7a9f1f2f0121e60bb0b16f71a8c3c995be10f5b3ea4fe7cd1f2b5668","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33.225506Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33.225506Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8dbHEIUQoOfUkmKnIxwWtU9kvxsCbDE48AXcJJRIyUMNddOPshyclxYAThmDF2QGPBCYQPHSgjwYhY0YVlI7CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:33.226077Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1008.3704","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d825fc8c171589963e425ff4e36a204f4ba7bcca4a0c4484440c7f9f1cd6cf3c","sha256:916b04e388908408b9fbcd5e6580755a0bfc4b98c5ddbe4bf449d062064cf7db"],"state_sha256":"ebf22009b81a094dd02cec52b7d4b41e5ec27bc80cfa11379e9a45d8806fcb09"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X3dyH3Cw+d8OrSnF57JUNAy/ZGX+yfGyy0sZJ2DZlq3/4zT7gxQpCD7Qo+K+fYJo7TRzBLIYWZLehRBdAZzqAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T07:08:12.635818Z","bundle_sha256":"f5dfe79930c2e124f4dbe91aa6915da8a8e9229d6b3eeb3d02ff5e066511e958"}}