{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE","short_pith_number":"pith:KJOETQ3R","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.09790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-27T15:54:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"413d6779e20d86e8232bca64abba7b1243bb605b1e7b2c534ddc3c417e4182ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"15044a0ee57772c09676f15453fd86aa03880e2ceba1d597fc90bfd8f3bee06a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"525c49c371d29bef9f097b3a1dde72112ad14c848f8120cb82a8ed7a37066f03","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.09790","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.09790","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.09790v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.09790","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KJOETQ3R2KN6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KJOETQ3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.09790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-27T15:54:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"413d6779e20d86e8232bca64abba7b1243bb605b1e7b2c534ddc3c417e4182ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"15044a0ee57772c09676f15453fd86aa03880e2ceba1d597fc90bfd8f3bee06a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"525c49c371d29bef9f097b3a1dde72112ad14c848f8120cb82a8ed7a37066f03","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09.316692Z","signature_b64":"KgTfaMR8yg6goH+AqRpQ1B0cBiv/mrE8BI/MeDi02ra0cZRRXEiTflU1nuz5MTAyjDs6Ijxw0hB2rLPK2ZtsAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"525c49c371d29bef9f097b3a1dde72112ad14c848f8120cb82a8ed7a37066f03","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09.316215Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09.316215Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.09790","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rJv6Kbj6PIPJkY3YJx4J0pwpf8dFIr0DirAyVO7zV/6YtgZaZQTxxtT/ZDlaQIm/DiGuFtNeCxwJF8E2UNGrAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T14:24:39.798786Z"},"content_sha256":"5a447414dbd4318d132973f2bebac0ceb0996a0e82f3bdd8d0e1b075c9f56958","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a447414dbd4318d132973f2bebac0ceb0996a0e82f3bdd8d0e1b075c9f56958"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Particle-in-cell simulations of anomalous transport in a Penning discharge","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Andrei Smolyakov, Andrew Powis, Igor Kaganovich, Ivan Romadanov, Johan Carlsson, Yevgeny Raitses","submitted_at":"2017-11-27T15:54:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations of a Penning discharge are performed in order to investigate azimuthally asymmetric, spoke-like structures previously observed in experiments. Two-dimensional simulations show that for Penning-discharge conditions, a persistent nonlinear spoke-like structure forms readily and rotates in the direction of ExB and electron diamagnetic drifts. The azimuthal velocity is within about a factor of two of the ion acoustic speed. The spoke frequency follows the experimentally observed scaling with ion mass, which indicates the importance of ion inertia in spoke"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.09790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NUi+NvM/l+o/nw02AUUMOEynEnzSbPkrrTjbuBITYiB7IKX1iF62sqYTQLM6k91mf+HJEnPBWaZCruVnMS7WDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T14:24:39.799430Z"},"content_sha256":"e43fe30e11021f8c026f141060ff6e2db37f8ec6c95a83352a2a779403c2e122","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e43fe30e11021f8c026f141060ff6e2db37f8ec6c95a83352a2a779403c2e122"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T14:24:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJPM5B3XTSCE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15044a0ee57772c09676f15453fd86aa03880e2ceba1d597fc90bfd8f3bee06a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-27T15:54:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"413d6779e20d86e8232bca64abba7b1243bb605b1e7b2c534ddc3c417e4182ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.09790","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.09790","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.09790v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.09790","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KJOETQ3R2KN6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KJOETQ3R2KN67HYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KJOETQ3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e43fe30e11021f8c026f141060ff6e2db37f8ec6c95a83352a2a779403c2e122","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations of a Penning discharge are performed in order to investigate azimuthally asymmetric, spoke-like structures previously observed in experiments. Two-dimensional simulations show that for Penning-discharge conditions, a persistent nonlinear spoke-like structure forms readily and rotates in the direction of ExB and electron diamagnetic drifts. The azimuthal velocity is within about a factor of two of the ion acoustic speed. The spoke frequency follows the experimentally observed scaling with ion mass, which indicates the importance of ion inertia in spoke","authors_text":"Andrei Smolyakov, Andrew Powis, Igor Kaganovich, Ivan Romadanov, Johan Carlsson, Yevgeny Raitses","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-27T15:54:54Z","title":"Particle-in-cell simulations of anomalous transport in a Penning discharge"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.09790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a447414dbd4318d132973f2bebac0ceb0996a0e82f3bdd8d0e1b075c9f56958","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15044a0ee57772c09676f15453fd86aa03880e2ceba1d597fc90bfd8f3bee06a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-27T15:54:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"413d6779e20d86e8232bca64abba7b1243bb605b1e7b2c534ddc3c417e4182ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.09790","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"525c49c371d29bef9f097b3a1dde72112ad14c848f8120cb82a8ed7a37066f03","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"525c49c371d29bef9f097b3a1dde72112ad14c848f8120cb82a8ed7a37066f03","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09.316215Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09.316215Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KgTfaMR8yg6goH+AqRpQ1B0cBiv/mrE8BI/MeDi02ra0cZRRXEiTflU1nuz5MTAyjDs6Ijxw0hB2rLPK2ZtsAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:09.316692Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.09790","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a447414dbd4318d132973f2bebac0ceb0996a0e82f3bdd8d0e1b075c9f56958","sha256:e43fe30e11021f8c026f141060ff6e2db37f8ec6c95a83352a2a779403c2e122"],"state_sha256":"12550f24f832ce385717e5496bc257046e7781c46384d3362114e79fb36cdb10"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f4HOTbGUy/b/iqHYikkX4tQSfwe6R/FeRBUubxetanHochSe58Y0EXX/bxjDtF2LJmp7kQczp84xJYIxY8TYDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T14:24:39.802433Z","bundle_sha256":"0008f831858da7f745cf55ad492df7922199a6e08179c4cbc06acefbbe85d466"}}