{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4","short_pith_number":"pith:KLA2AX72","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"52c1a05ffa935c53368aaa356872e08f1f5616acb188cea21934d1d857473d5e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.17676","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Building Resilience to Misinformation: A Cross-National Development of the Digital Media and Information Literacy Scale (DMILS)","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Researchers developed the DMILS as an 18-item self-report and 16-item objective scale to measure digital media and information literacy across the United States and Singapore.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Cuihua Shen, Hichang Cho, Huiyi Wang, Sijia Qian","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T22:09:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Amid growing concern about information quality and credibility in digital media environments, researchers and educators still lack a concise, comprehensive yet psychometrically sound instrument for tracking the competencies that help people navigate this landscape. This article develops the Digital Media and Information Literacy Scale (DMILS), a robust and multidimensional measure that distinguishes domain (digital vs. information/news), competency type (knowledge vs. skill), and is measured through both subjective and objective items. Through two empirical studies with three nationally matche"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":true,"formal_links_present":true},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.17676","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T22:09:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"85f369d9d28b84661c12f2b53d441b710d0c4b3dc48ebf42fb433aebca513a56","abstract_canon_sha256":"89fc4c6f4b772fea86497721151d5c7e604d40e9f4e871aae533174b4f1df0b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.199465Z","signature_b64":"Wnm8V0vPIPigMgXfvcv9/4/Vb9LxFXht44vav9/5c0GUYWRKsXDMvRv7zjHNcycXxiRHYuwMsrKYcAgY8Y+bDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"52c1a05ffa935c53368aaa356872e08f1f5616acb188cea21934d1d857473d5e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198631Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198631Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Building Resilience to Misinformation: A Cross-National Development of the Digital Media and Information Literacy Scale (DMILS)","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Researchers developed the DMILS as an 18-item self-report and 16-item objective scale to measure digital media and information literacy across the United States and Singapore.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Cuihua Shen, Hichang Cho, Huiyi Wang, Sijia Qian","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T22:09:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Amid growing concern about information quality and credibility in digital media environments, researchers and educators still lack a concise, comprehensive yet psychometrically sound instrument for tracking the competencies that help people navigate this landscape. This article develops the Digital Media and Information Literacy Scale (DMILS), a robust and multidimensional measure that distinguishes domain (digital vs. information/news), competency type (knowledge vs. skill), and is measured through both subjective and objective items. Through two empirical studies with three nationally matche"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Through two empirical studies with three nationally matched samples in the United States and Singapore (N = 1,498), we developed an 18-item self-report battery and 16-item objective knowledge questions, showing strong structural, convergent, and predictive validity, along with a short form (8 self-report and 8 objective items).","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The three nationally matched samples from the United States and Singapore provide a sufficient and representative basis for establishing cross-national structural, convergent, and predictive validity of the DMILS.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Develops and validates the DMILS, an 18-item self-report and 16-item objective scale distinguishing digital vs. information domains and knowledge vs. skill competencies, tested on nationally matched US and Singapore samples (N=1,498) with a short form.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Researchers developed the DMILS as an 18-item self-report and 16-item objective scale to measure digital media and information literacy across the United States and Singapore.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"3c0cf999a4669eccabb158eb09a51321f147838241309266764ddae5d732cb49"},"source":{"id":"2605.17676","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"d98d65cb-0305-46ee-8496-2812b69fa0c6","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T22:12:15.786450Z","strongest_claim":"Through two empirical studies with three nationally matched samples in the United States and Singapore (N = 1,498), we developed an 18-item self-report battery and 16-item objective knowledge questions, showing strong structural, convergent, and predictive validity, along with a short form (8 self-report and 8 objective items).","one_line_summary":"Develops and validates the DMILS, an 18-item self-report and 16-item objective scale distinguishing digital vs. information domains and knowledge vs. skill competencies, tested on nationally matched US and Singapore samples (N=1,498) with a short form.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The three nationally matched samples from the United States and Singapore provide a sufficient and representative basis for establishing cross-national structural, convergent, and predictive validity of the DMILS.","pith_extraction_headline":"Researchers developed the DMILS as an 18-item self-report and 16-item objective scale to measure digital media and information literacy across the United States and Singapore."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.17676/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T22:31:19.447664Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T22:20:57.398301Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"cited_work_retraction","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:51:59.181062Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"citation_quote_validity","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:49:44.259689Z","status":"skipped","version":"0.1.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:33:23.531189Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:21:57.444339Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"5f8805efe9e037ada8499351e88405a7861868a9f121832979962ef9ee85902e"},"references":{"count":3,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2013,"title":"PDF 2. Spyware 3. Phishing 4. Hashtag 5. Chatbot 6. Algorithm 2. Digital Skill (DS) Instruction: Please select how much you agree or disagree with the following statements. (Strongly disagree to Stron","work_id":"adf48cc3-61f5-4cf6-9fa1-25a35a76fa99","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"It has been scientifically established that cholesterol is present in animal organisms but not in plants. How would you best describe a TV commercial which claims that the sunflower oil manufactured b","work_id":"60cbb70c-733b-438f-9fa1-9f93e635a848","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1037/a0032121","year":2023,"title":"Correctly Captioned","work_id":"65f36c2a-a67e-42d8-897e-31bef9010df5","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":3,"snapshot_sha256":"3a79afbbc54f8c5c9990d7e11ae6b32cecd0a26a4594027dfcca8085984a6f47","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"snapshot_sha256":"01227786871a6926aba43054e93a16d379cc42525415581a01cd0dd2baa71836"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.17676","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.17676v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.17676","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KLA2AX72SNOF","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KLA2AX72SNOFGNUK","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KLA2AX72","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4","json":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/KLA2AX72"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/KLA2AX72","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2605.17676&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/KLA2AX72SNOFGNUKVI2WQ4XAR4/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-20T00:04:52.198756+00:00"}