{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S","short_pith_number":"pith:KMRUPGL7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.11595","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-03-22T05:47:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS"],"title_canon_sha256":"0c2b5a871f6b4da7338a971962a12500f1ef6b7917aa47736a094db2c6e4470c","abstract_canon_sha256":"bbe42107ba5126091a586177cc540f8df7906fdd34b063338083cb9f704de1e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"532347997fb9f867b58582c3bf23c2d49e3e86186814c3c542682b331c5eb7c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.11595","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.11595","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.11595v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.11595","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KMRUPGL7XH4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KMRUPGL7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.11595","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-03-22T05:47:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS"],"title_canon_sha256":"0c2b5a871f6b4da7338a971962a12500f1ef6b7917aa47736a094db2c6e4470c","abstract_canon_sha256":"bbe42107ba5126091a586177cc540f8df7906fdd34b063338083cb9f704de1e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"532347997fb9f867b58582c3bf23c2d49e3e86186814c3c542682b331c5eb7c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49.802744Z","signature_b64":"tcS7D+ZN/+uXmghSwIW3A6YuJIVhfjS7pJc2vKH5cpuTXg5oV4NCBIxWTJA01ReQDVRWU+lg7Lt+sqtPgnOiBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"532347997fb9f867b58582c3bf23c2d49e3e86186814c3c542682b331c5eb7c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49.802168Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49.802168Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.11595","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x++43MoAihlFizOJ9dmokvdRybGkFNqCC67wU6ImW7z8BLZAphTt28z4Fz3WPGyELflGGAYtdNUmr+2nb5twBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T14:52:32.819495Z"},"content_sha256":"1ab265b716b85af599a83e71b4edbe6aef85348906885c2bbc85220849dbb100","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1ab265b716b85af599a83e71b4edbe6aef85348906885c2bbc85220849dbb100"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Approximate Equivalence Checking of Noisy Quantum Circuits","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DS"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Mingsheng Ying, Sanjiang Li, Xiangzhen Zhou, Xin Hong, Yuan Feng","submitted_at":"2021-03-22T05:47:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the fundamental design automation problem of equivalence checking in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) computing realm where quantum noise is present inevitably. The notion of approximate equivalence of (possibly noisy) quantum circuits is defined based on the Jamiolkowski fidelity which measures the average distance between output states of two super-operators when the input is chosen at random. By employing tensor network contraction, we present two algorithms, aiming at different situations where the number of noises varies, for computing the fidelity between an ideal qua"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.11595","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.11595/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zkZM+Gmlv5JAC/KWhd1uzkq5LTjMmhBGxErbKT0/+v0nzs/HmLuwQ+RL0IhCuW8MrETvc8C0vQEMh9NcfCj+Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T14:52:32.819980Z"},"content_sha256":"ce39ad32cd1b7ed01eb304521658149d4713f489b973259fdc6eaa46a9f334c6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce39ad32cd1b7ed01eb304521658149d4713f489b973259fdc6eaa46a9f334c6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T14:52:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMFQLB36I6C2S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bbe42107ba5126091a586177cc540f8df7906fdd34b063338083cb9f704de1e2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-03-22T05:47:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"0c2b5a871f6b4da7338a971962a12500f1ef6b7917aa47736a094db2c6e4470c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.11595","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.11595","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.11595v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.11595","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KMRUPGL7XH4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KMRUPGL7XH4GPNMF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KMRUPGL7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ce39ad32cd1b7ed01eb304521658149d4713f489b973259fdc6eaa46a9f334c6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.11595/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the fundamental design automation problem of equivalence checking in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) computing realm where quantum noise is present inevitably. The notion of approximate equivalence of (possibly noisy) quantum circuits is defined based on the Jamiolkowski fidelity which measures the average distance between output states of two super-operators when the input is chosen at random. By employing tensor network contraction, we present two algorithms, aiming at different situations where the number of noises varies, for computing the fidelity between an ideal qua","authors_text":"Mingsheng Ying, Sanjiang Li, Xiangzhen Zhou, Xin Hong, Yuan Feng","cross_cats":["cs.DS"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-03-22T05:47:41Z","title":"Approximate Equivalence Checking of Noisy Quantum Circuits"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.11595","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1ab265b716b85af599a83e71b4edbe6aef85348906885c2bbc85220849dbb100","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bbe42107ba5126091a586177cc540f8df7906fdd34b063338083cb9f704de1e2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-03-22T05:47:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"0c2b5a871f6b4da7338a971962a12500f1ef6b7917aa47736a094db2c6e4470c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.11595","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"532347997fb9f867b58582c3bf23c2d49e3e86186814c3c542682b331c5eb7c0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"532347997fb9f867b58582c3bf23c2d49e3e86186814c3c542682b331c5eb7c0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49.802168Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49.802168Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tcS7D+ZN/+uXmghSwIW3A6YuJIVhfjS7pJc2vKH5cpuTXg5oV4NCBIxWTJA01ReQDVRWU+lg7Lt+sqtPgnOiBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:49.802744Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.11595","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1ab265b716b85af599a83e71b4edbe6aef85348906885c2bbc85220849dbb100","sha256:ce39ad32cd1b7ed01eb304521658149d4713f489b973259fdc6eaa46a9f334c6"],"state_sha256":"5130d457aacd79b925ee44a10ecfb8e0f13e41c25af4a82ff019cd6b1f2c6ee2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7iFDuxTUYGUSNJjQ8PvypeULn6wzVnwf+VgF6xgPzGqplV+1L69xftoJnh0WqtOLfrEEVnEG+/eh9ghDGBDdCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T14:52:32.823578Z","bundle_sha256":"83ac712a7f2c69d80e8bbeefca6bf7874de20d4e34913f6781b55169111fa468"}}