{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI","short_pith_number":"pith:KQ2HAVZA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811018","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-02T13:35:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"e31413d277df864947809bff3cc688bd54af102d02716c7d13c9c25acc19ddab","abstract_canon_sha256":"7df62f7ed5013fe950bdcf8b7951dd1875559f2d068ece6196012b0f5324fd3d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"54347057205d7dc6a9f5fcde847e129a2cebb5d693ab8336a1985537b35be2ca","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9811018","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811018","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811018v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9811018","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KQ2HAVZALV64","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KQ2HAVZA","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811018","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-02T13:35:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"e31413d277df864947809bff3cc688bd54af102d02716c7d13c9c25acc19ddab","abstract_canon_sha256":"7df62f7ed5013fe950bdcf8b7951dd1875559f2d068ece6196012b0f5324fd3d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"54347057205d7dc6a9f5fcde847e129a2cebb5d693ab8336a1985537b35be2ca","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53.192548Z","signature_b64":"o0QrQ2fuaWa1vwuL54r1U7rISO/2jNadN3IahDxNymR26SbhGzdCD2JvNoeG85gMF9ZWkgFazGD4PYlreagKBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"54347057205d7dc6a9f5fcde847e129a2cebb5d693ab8336a1985537b35be2ca","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53.192139Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53.192139Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9811018","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KXCgAt5m9Rw43+fUVhAZ+/xyU8rNm/8/PO8oiS9fOMlQS5UrmoZYLbBDxxKRv1QZePGOXFCffb694HqYejE/AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T07:19:46.073987Z"},"content_sha256":"84f31d0a8d3f6b11e4004382ff8f48f69e5e553d116a938252539b696b73bd92","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:84f31d0a8d3f6b11e4004382ff8f48f69e5e553d116a938252539b696b73bd92"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A time varying speed of light as a solution to cosmological puzzles","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Andreas Albrecht, Joao Magueijo","submitted_at":"1998-11-02T13:35:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the cosmological implications of light travelling faster in the early Universe. We propose a prescription for deriving corrections to the cosmological evolution equations while the speed of light $c$ is changing. We then show how the horizon, flatness, and cosmological constant problems may be solved. We also study cosmological perturbations in this scenario and show how one may solve the homogeneity and isotropy problems. As it stands, our scenario appears to most easily produce extreme homogeneity, requiring structure to be produced in the Standard Big Bang epoch. Producing signi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811018","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9811018/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iJEGTjCQgUZO0L5GOuhT5WW+lJV1pPJQ6asYPbuglgHUjiEI2K11coziG+XkaSbnDJBS91fP7H3WN0nPVu8qCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T07:19:46.074480Z"},"content_sha256":"904f4d37af475672f43b45c2d5596632f6f74607f06ee6926f1604ec3c328e40","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:904f4d37af475672f43b45c2d5596632f6f74607f06ee6926f1604ec3c328e40"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T07:19:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV7TPII7QSTI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7df62f7ed5013fe950bdcf8b7951dd1875559f2d068ece6196012b0f5324fd3d","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-02T13:35:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"e31413d277df864947809bff3cc688bd54af102d02716c7d13c9c25acc19ddab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811018","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811018","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811018v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9811018","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KQ2HAVZALV64","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KQ2HAVZALV64NKPV","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KQ2HAVZA","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:904f4d37af475672f43b45c2d5596632f6f74607f06ee6926f1604ec3c328e40","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9811018/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the cosmological implications of light travelling faster in the early Universe. We propose a prescription for deriving corrections to the cosmological evolution equations while the speed of light $c$ is changing. We then show how the horizon, flatness, and cosmological constant problems may be solved. We also study cosmological perturbations in this scenario and show how one may solve the homogeneity and isotropy problems. As it stands, our scenario appears to most easily produce extreme homogeneity, requiring structure to be produced in the Standard Big Bang epoch. Producing signi","authors_text":"Andreas Albrecht, Joao Magueijo","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-02T13:35:40Z","title":"A time varying speed of light as a solution to cosmological puzzles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811018","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:84f31d0a8d3f6b11e4004382ff8f48f69e5e553d116a938252539b696b73bd92","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7df62f7ed5013fe950bdcf8b7951dd1875559f2d068ece6196012b0f5324fd3d","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-02T13:35:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"e31413d277df864947809bff3cc688bd54af102d02716c7d13c9c25acc19ddab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811018","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"54347057205d7dc6a9f5fcde847e129a2cebb5d693ab8336a1985537b35be2ca","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"54347057205d7dc6a9f5fcde847e129a2cebb5d693ab8336a1985537b35be2ca","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53.192139Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53.192139Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"o0QrQ2fuaWa1vwuL54r1U7rISO/2jNadN3IahDxNymR26SbhGzdCD2JvNoeG85gMF9ZWkgFazGD4PYlreagKBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:53.192548Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9811018","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:84f31d0a8d3f6b11e4004382ff8f48f69e5e553d116a938252539b696b73bd92","sha256:904f4d37af475672f43b45c2d5596632f6f74607f06ee6926f1604ec3c328e40"],"state_sha256":"942ae1be1962e804d3934176e407b99cee1edd17d90d44bcffa9e9b4979d29d8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L/10dTAmh/8b5jhPxhUbfNfXd7Sd2LLi8YLAB7G3SUkLV2PcdSmSQUy17wTe91sqsiIdjj3Fw+kEsIphXPVgAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T07:19:46.077868Z","bundle_sha256":"b22a65ac54dd781da8504bde2c95f34f197aa9e980ebe2a2a20ad8c0a4711c7b"}}