{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7","short_pith_number":"pith:KQ2XT6NG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-04-25T04:18:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0b71f0140135243acfa224cc7f225427c3137b1de01685a3b615f6a13fdf3ce0","abstract_canon_sha256":"d04c551c8041e4a48b45497cdc5dc7ec510457c226cc206ed9a122f668ce7d69"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"543579f9a64aa991c7675ea981c2985ffd9458f33b87381be4912695cb23008d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.18062","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.18062","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.18062v3","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.18062","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KQ2XT6NGJKUZ","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3H","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KQ2XT6NG","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-04-25T04:18:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0b71f0140135243acfa224cc7f225427c3137b1de01685a3b615f6a13fdf3ce0","abstract_canon_sha256":"d04c551c8041e4a48b45497cdc5dc7ec510457c226cc206ed9a122f668ce7d69"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"543579f9a64aa991c7675ea981c2985ffd9458f33b87381be4912695cb23008d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04.685877Z","signature_b64":"77WA5ENq/xMPZwKZtIBgGsZu6gpgrjhu8OUGjRVW/xtH6rT2PVEaz/VnQnfonBVj1kjDf9PwopMD6dUsGkrTBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"543579f9a64aa991c7675ea981c2985ffd9458f33b87381be4912695cb23008d","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04.682120Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04.682120Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2504.18062","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SpvHn7DZ5hszfvagDvh2NUf6CfR8ZA0dPRzboPVheoIdxUPW5UxRvYPrP7oj5vHQ4ugUUrGYzw8pKL6xjp27AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T02:16:39.117473Z"},"content_sha256":"50c770f6a54a31d8dcc535c96e814dff50d04a5a560c5e90c6748f27a9e52175","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50c770f6a54a31d8dcc535c96e814dff50d04a5a560c5e90c6748f27a9e52175"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LLM-hRIC: LLM-empowered Hierarchical RAN Intelligent Control for O-RAN","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Jemin Lee, Lingyan Bao, Sinwoong Yun, Tony Q.S. Quek","submitted_at":"2025-04-25T04:18:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite recent advances in applying large language models (LLMs) and machine learning (ML) techniques to open radio access network (O-RAN), critical challenges remain, such as insufficient cooperation between radio access network (RAN) intelligent controllers (RICs), high computational demands hindering real-time decisions, and the lack of domain-specific finetuning. Therefore, this article introduces the LLM-empowered hierarchical RIC (LLM-hRIC) framework to improve the collaboration between RICs in O-RAN. The LLM-empowered non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC) acts as a guider, offering a strategic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.18062/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s7A51agniBOIX4bwZGfrh+tMr6L9t293sq+n1YOqDVj2pHk99bM90nxjdoDOt0xupmPpl4hKE/VK3arESgSEBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T02:16:39.118443Z"},"content_sha256":"ff6fdd5cf546fd654a332ec81da566c0fb4ed4c719e503e75604695723968a30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff6fdd5cf546fd654a332ec81da566c0fb4ed4c719e503e75604695723968a30"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T02:16:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3HL2UYDQUYL7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d04c551c8041e4a48b45497cdc5dc7ec510457c226cc206ed9a122f668ce7d69","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-04-25T04:18:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"0b71f0140135243acfa224cc7f225427c3137b1de01685a3b615f6a13fdf3ce0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.18062","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.18062v3","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.18062","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KQ2XT6NGJKUZ","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KQ2XT6NGJKUZDR3H","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KQ2XT6NG","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ff6fdd5cf546fd654a332ec81da566c0fb4ed4c719e503e75604695723968a30","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2504.18062/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite recent advances in applying large language models (LLMs) and machine learning (ML) techniques to open radio access network (O-RAN), critical challenges remain, such as insufficient cooperation between radio access network (RAN) intelligent controllers (RICs), high computational demands hindering real-time decisions, and the lack of domain-specific finetuning. Therefore, this article introduces the LLM-empowered hierarchical RIC (LLM-hRIC) framework to improve the collaboration between RICs in O-RAN. The LLM-empowered non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC) acts as a guider, offering a strategic","authors_text":"Jemin Lee, Lingyan Bao, Sinwoong Yun, Tony Q.S. Quek","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-04-25T04:18:23Z","title":"LLM-hRIC: LLM-empowered Hierarchical RAN Intelligent Control for O-RAN"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:50c770f6a54a31d8dcc535c96e814dff50d04a5a560c5e90c6748f27a9e52175","target":"record","created_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d04c551c8041e4a48b45497cdc5dc7ec510457c226cc206ed9a122f668ce7d69","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-04-25T04:18:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"0b71f0140135243acfa224cc7f225427c3137b1de01685a3b615f6a13fdf3ce0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"543579f9a64aa991c7675ea981c2985ffd9458f33b87381be4912695cb23008d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"543579f9a64aa991c7675ea981c2985ffd9458f33b87381be4912695cb23008d","first_computed_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04.682120Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04.682120Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"77WA5ENq/xMPZwKZtIBgGsZu6gpgrjhu8OUGjRVW/xtH6rT2PVEaz/VnQnfonBVj1kjDf9PwopMD6dUsGkrTBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:09:04.685877Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2504.18062","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:50c770f6a54a31d8dcc535c96e814dff50d04a5a560c5e90c6748f27a9e52175","sha256:ff6fdd5cf546fd654a332ec81da566c0fb4ed4c719e503e75604695723968a30"],"state_sha256":"744aaa1afb25a3f3c7ed120ba9180905fb1dd7d6e740d28db438932c57648880"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WCHyn5aKuMqGU/Iandhbi/5/boRCw4Fh6DCMuCLcSiOqTzH+eVW09fRJfJA+VzBaIiIxr8GjZ+vJLa9+YXd1Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T02:16:39.124875Z","bundle_sha256":"a707d5680b1a7858edbf1103edb788d09e6ab65769db48528d9672f76a6da75f"}}