{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7","short_pith_number":"pith:KQGGRD5V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.12731","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T22:37:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"5bf5b5e908d032865477d36dcce6b4bf512b29840e76c1c828abc9f8aa9a8703","abstract_canon_sha256":"c82794d4733023b4fe8eda24b739ef5b2ac09d3b2dec7cce171c7ad50665d346"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"540c688fb59761c03a885b6ebcec7a5fecc927e6311a6edf748fe07105ef1145","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2606.12731","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.12731","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.12731v1","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.12731","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KQGGRD5VS5Q4","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUI","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KQGGRD5V","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.12731","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T22:37:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"5bf5b5e908d032865477d36dcce6b4bf512b29840e76c1c828abc9f8aa9a8703","abstract_canon_sha256":"c82794d4733023b4fe8eda24b739ef5b2ac09d3b2dec7cce171c7ad50665d346"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"540c688fb59761c03a885b6ebcec7a5fecc927e6311a6edf748fe07105ef1145","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47.857358Z","signature_b64":"hHdpsBBnNb01bAcpLf7v4rIXlg3JTipduA84Er7CGnd9JIK+ez5OzZ9eqTDyuncJJAJk2K5TEI7HfqH31Y45DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"540c688fb59761c03a885b6ebcec7a5fecc927e6311a6edf748fe07105ef1145","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47.856438Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47.856438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2606.12731","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i7S9ZKDKOSkf6tpW/stQxNQzNMfZJvIQxoTQPb758EHKIL5cGq4bLGoWH+W1ll8w3YNsljeEYlqKkmFOx6fJBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T00:02:00.009142Z"},"content_sha256":"ade79a2f4835b3cb985ac85b4d0042bd9b66552343a705f5f310fe3906f36731","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ade79a2f4835b3cb985ac85b4d0042bd9b66552343a705f5f310fe3906f36731"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Normative Robustness as a Frontier for Non-Verifiable Reasoning in LLMs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Anita Keshmirian, Benjamin Henke, Elizaveta Tennant, Julia Haas, Kristian Lum, Murray Shanahan, Sydney Levine, Verena Rieser","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T22:37:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"As LLMs increasingly serve in advisory and deliberative roles, users rely on them for non-verifiable reasoning in domains lacking objective ground truths. However, traditional evaluations of LLM reasoning focus almost exclusively on fact-based domains, such as mathematics and science, leaving uncertainty over whether and to what degree models can handle ambiguous, subjective, or value-laden problems over time. To address this concern, we propose moral reasoning as a paradigmatic subdomain of non-verifiable reasoning. We define moral robustness as a model's capacity to exhibit sound moral reaso"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.12731","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.12731/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k3ldVkLaBvEFUIC8+ICHTETpou0sqDPXfN2PD7/hUnNdU2UtVMF8HS/KvYOWsDEqOwGdyILqkLo5cjqGvR2lAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T00:02:00.009539Z"},"content_sha256":"6ca9fae15285ce47d43a9ea8b6773c96d2794ebf118264e072aaec453c289e3b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ca9fae15285ce47d43a9ea8b6773c96d2794ebf118264e072aaec453c289e3b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T00:02:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUILNXLZ3D2L7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c82794d4733023b4fe8eda24b739ef5b2ac09d3b2dec7cce171c7ad50665d346","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T22:37:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"5bf5b5e908d032865477d36dcce6b4bf512b29840e76c1c828abc9f8aa9a8703"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.12731","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.12731","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.12731v1","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.12731","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KQGGRD5VS5Q4","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KQGGRD5VS5Q4AOUI","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KQGGRD5V","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6ca9fae15285ce47d43a9ea8b6773c96d2794ebf118264e072aaec453c289e3b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2606.12731/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As LLMs increasingly serve in advisory and deliberative roles, users rely on them for non-verifiable reasoning in domains lacking objective ground truths. However, traditional evaluations of LLM reasoning focus almost exclusively on fact-based domains, such as mathematics and science, leaving uncertainty over whether and to what degree models can handle ambiguous, subjective, or value-laden problems over time. To address this concern, we propose moral reasoning as a paradigmatic subdomain of non-verifiable reasoning. We define moral robustness as a model's capacity to exhibit sound moral reaso","authors_text":"Anita Keshmirian, Benjamin Henke, Elizaveta Tennant, Julia Haas, Kristian Lum, Murray Shanahan, Sydney Levine, Verena Rieser","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T22:37:26Z","title":"Normative Robustness as a Frontier for Non-Verifiable Reasoning in LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.12731","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ade79a2f4835b3cb985ac85b4d0042bd9b66552343a705f5f310fe3906f36731","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c82794d4733023b4fe8eda24b739ef5b2ac09d3b2dec7cce171c7ad50665d346","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T22:37:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"5bf5b5e908d032865477d36dcce6b4bf512b29840e76c1c828abc9f8aa9a8703"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.12731","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"540c688fb59761c03a885b6ebcec7a5fecc927e6311a6edf748fe07105ef1145","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"540c688fb59761c03a885b6ebcec7a5fecc927e6311a6edf748fe07105ef1145","first_computed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47.856438Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47.856438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hHdpsBBnNb01bAcpLf7v4rIXlg3JTipduA84Er7CGnd9JIK+ez5OzZ9eqTDyuncJJAJk2K5TEI7HfqH31Y45DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:47.857358Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2606.12731","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ade79a2f4835b3cb985ac85b4d0042bd9b66552343a705f5f310fe3906f36731","sha256:6ca9fae15285ce47d43a9ea8b6773c96d2794ebf118264e072aaec453c289e3b"],"state_sha256":"a8b111f35b88b27181460eb02bcc4faa61a2e60a71e7dcb22cf9bb883c04dbbb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yP3aRs9TlaP5/jL7Q9BssygNC8HDBvD4FWI5tRPXzUHUEp7CVwh91kQWn5GUO6l200dWFK1TfDdh0IK1pU8kBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T00:02:00.011515Z","bundle_sha256":"4f126038d086434e6f3dd4058980bf1e6a5ba3da4508a0bb06704d5a949ea229"}}