{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY","short_pith_number":"pith:KR5PTTWV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.11775","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T17:00:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"62be0b20b74066cc6d9b1827567862befdee6f259686b4c6337bd44de6ae5b88","abstract_canon_sha256":"cfb564a7c3726e354cabc959f6fe01a082f9a067a93df085cd438056355cff72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"547af9ced53176b73f01a723ce129e66331e50a5db776ffd8f07a201de9ce6bc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2408.11775","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.11775","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.11775v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.11775","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KR5PTTWVGF3L","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KR5PTTWV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.11775","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T17:00:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"62be0b20b74066cc6d9b1827567862befdee6f259686b4c6337bd44de6ae5b88","abstract_canon_sha256":"cfb564a7c3726e354cabc959f6fe01a082f9a067a93df085cd438056355cff72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"547af9ced53176b73f01a723ce129e66331e50a5db776ffd8f07a201de9ce6bc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35.717225Z","signature_b64":"vF2SxDxO1xWme93KKmT+HA2EDMNlkl3Dz5P5kzaUsEIeAAtCQxBRhyRTIZJnUvfH19niiJBbbXLL3Xv5fyc7Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"547af9ced53176b73f01a723ce129e66331e50a5db776ffd8f07a201de9ce6bc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35.716730Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35.716730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2408.11775","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z5N9PenFHqL1tsJv2ylrT7RmUNO4F3hXZH63IdntpqIzpzaH9ZgOCSkYsOu7fgJh9WO3Nq5Oqo3tYZ3dwPd+BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:08:16.942410Z"},"content_sha256":"0906685395cc4c9b56e619e63a19e9ea783fe784854a664d6d831f18075c06b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0906685395cc4c9b56e619e63a19e9ea783fe784854a664d6d831f18075c06b0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Leveraging Fine-Tuned Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Long-Context Support: For 3GPP Standards","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Amr Hussein, Ismail Lotfi, Merouane Debbah, Nouf Alabbasi, Omar Alhussein, Omar Erak, Sami Muhaidat","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T17:00:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) struggle with technical standards in telecommunications. We propose a fine-tuned retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on the Phi-2 small language model (SLM) to serve as an oracle for communication networks. Our developed system leverages forward-looking semantic chunking to adaptively determine parsing breakpoints based on embedding similarity, enabling effective processing of diverse document formats. To handle the challenge of multiple similar contexts in technical standards, we employ a re-ranking algorithm to prioritize th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.11775","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2408.11775/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t5gshVQJ2+bHrJng2mN7Qg6QMUVuyMnVuOMMnUY6ezYZUCBmHVLfv1piGZfLWxCZoIsyl0qXNt8TuLdqS+K3Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:08:16.942783Z"},"content_sha256":"9d491016887ce1ae75e89f74f5a55ce171451065a0c53ee69c455709453f7b64","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9d491016887ce1ae75e89f74f5a55ce171451065a0c53ee69c455709453f7b64"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T13:08:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYBU4R44EU6MY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cfb564a7c3726e354cabc959f6fe01a082f9a067a93df085cd438056355cff72","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T17:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"62be0b20b74066cc6d9b1827567862befdee6f259686b4c6337bd44de6ae5b88"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.11775","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.11775","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.11775v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.11775","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KR5PTTWVGF3L","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KR5PTTWVGF3LOPYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KR5PTTWV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9d491016887ce1ae75e89f74f5a55ce171451065a0c53ee69c455709453f7b64","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2408.11775/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) struggle with technical standards in telecommunications. We propose a fine-tuned retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on the Phi-2 small language model (SLM) to serve as an oracle for communication networks. Our developed system leverages forward-looking semantic chunking to adaptively determine parsing breakpoints based on embedding similarity, enabling effective processing of diverse document formats. To handle the challenge of multiple similar contexts in technical standards, we employ a re-ranking algorithm to prioritize th","authors_text":"Amr Hussein, Ismail Lotfi, Merouane Debbah, Nouf Alabbasi, Omar Alhussein, Omar Erak, Sami Muhaidat","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T17:00:05Z","title":"Leveraging Fine-Tuned Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Long-Context Support: For 3GPP Standards"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.11775","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0906685395cc4c9b56e619e63a19e9ea783fe784854a664d6d831f18075c06b0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cfb564a7c3726e354cabc959f6fe01a082f9a067a93df085cd438056355cff72","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T17:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"62be0b20b74066cc6d9b1827567862befdee6f259686b4c6337bd44de6ae5b88"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.11775","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"547af9ced53176b73f01a723ce129e66331e50a5db776ffd8f07a201de9ce6bc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"547af9ced53176b73f01a723ce129e66331e50a5db776ffd8f07a201de9ce6bc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35.716730Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35.716730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vF2SxDxO1xWme93KKmT+HA2EDMNlkl3Dz5P5kzaUsEIeAAtCQxBRhyRTIZJnUvfH19niiJBbbXLL3Xv5fyc7Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:01:35.717225Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2408.11775","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0906685395cc4c9b56e619e63a19e9ea783fe784854a664d6d831f18075c06b0","sha256:9d491016887ce1ae75e89f74f5a55ce171451065a0c53ee69c455709453f7b64"],"state_sha256":"72fdee32354bff54f800eae9bda2583a0f170079c1a31f667d817f6c723e31b1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QdIeLzD1QM+diIJ71OnwJAhIpopzP6+IPVzKUN4HOvNGo8Jl3PVsrlcqtd81OXofXm/S6jPyJTbmxx8vEL5BBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:08:16.944771Z","bundle_sha256":"f724866fb403727aaeaaf519dd0e47d4b5e95e7ab6f33d9ba214a09226130b32"}}