{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR","short_pith_number":"pith:KSYDPS6V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.15800","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T22:10:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"920c43bf2a7f07f1ea1097a82dfc3224da048a57e51aa033f07d35453d1ee190","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8bc7bfc987f3a594d117df111272bbf9af8b17452bfae3dfeba4fa6833d476"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"54b037cbd5f8df1f01bd7719c3645fbc6d44aaabe04eb052bf1a9155599e8ded","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.15800","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.15800","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.15800v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.15800","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KSYDPS6V7DPR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KSYDPS6V","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.15800","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T22:10:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"920c43bf2a7f07f1ea1097a82dfc3224da048a57e51aa033f07d35453d1ee190","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8bc7bfc987f3a594d117df111272bbf9af8b17452bfae3dfeba4fa6833d476"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"54b037cbd5f8df1f01bd7719c3645fbc6d44aaabe04eb052bf1a9155599e8ded","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56.807356Z","signature_b64":"tQ3988YsfPIyVFGxnWIvCI53uzsz1rCuZCsE10/T5QHqMWOzZm0lWQ1cVZpMElNWCPB/ln57fTukR/YH2n/eBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"54b037cbd5f8df1f01bd7719c3645fbc6d44aaabe04eb052bf1a9155599e8ded","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56.806885Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56.806885Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.15800","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"az1ckUa8ZARBWJmcSrccx1ad6pwN0retxSS2g7PwNfRgHa82xy6OS6J4+7rDzB6TkIXB9xOorR1sfkImUAzfAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-24T07:30:35.025627Z"},"content_sha256":"b81a074df4d9c03448bc48d098f497aef78eae7ee5095fac97f89147dcfe6054","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b81a074df4d9c03448bc48d098f497aef78eae7ee5095fac97f89147dcfe6054"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Defeaters and Eliminative Argumentation in Assurance 2.0","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LO"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"John Rushby, Kate Netkachova, Robin Bloomfield","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T22:10:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"A traditional assurance case employs a positive argument in which reasoning steps, grounded on evidence and assumptions, sustain a top claim that has external significance. Human judgement is required to check the evidence, the assumptions, and the narrative justifications for the reasoning steps; if all are assessed good, then the top claim can be accepted.\n  A valid concern about this process is that human judgement is fallible and prone to confirmation bias. The best defense against this concern is vigorous and skeptical debate and discussion in the manner of a dialectic or Socratic dialog."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.15800","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.15800/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d/9eBvVCVNn7kG688cyPM5q9QbUnglX31C/x5sDjEs4YiF5zXOj8JMrPvH/u4fQ7/UuAxc5BOw30O/SRAFtzBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-24T07:30:35.026007Z"},"content_sha256":"bf7246bdf1f243d468a68fe98fa4ab243e7a9c56059083faaae249913f1a6e39","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bf7246bdf1f243d468a68fe98fa4ab243e7a9c56059083faaae249913f1a6e39"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-24T07:30:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5O4M4GZC7XR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8bc7bfc987f3a594d117df111272bbf9af8b17452bfae3dfeba4fa6833d476","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T22:10:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"920c43bf2a7f07f1ea1097a82dfc3224da048a57e51aa033f07d35453d1ee190"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.15800","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.15800","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.15800v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.15800","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KSYDPS6V7DPR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KSYDPS6V7DPR6AN5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KSYDPS6V","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bf7246bdf1f243d468a68fe98fa4ab243e7a9c56059083faaae249913f1a6e39","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.15800/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A traditional assurance case employs a positive argument in which reasoning steps, grounded on evidence and assumptions, sustain a top claim that has external significance. Human judgement is required to check the evidence, the assumptions, and the narrative justifications for the reasoning steps; if all are assessed good, then the top claim can be accepted.\n  A valid concern about this process is that human judgement is fallible and prone to confirmation bias. The best defense against this concern is vigorous and skeptical debate and discussion in the manner of a dialectic or Socratic dialog.","authors_text":"John Rushby, Kate Netkachova, Robin Bloomfield","cross_cats":["cs.LO"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T22:10:01Z","title":"Defeaters and Eliminative Argumentation in Assurance 2.0"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.15800","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b81a074df4d9c03448bc48d098f497aef78eae7ee5095fac97f89147dcfe6054","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8bc7bfc987f3a594d117df111272bbf9af8b17452bfae3dfeba4fa6833d476","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T22:10:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"920c43bf2a7f07f1ea1097a82dfc3224da048a57e51aa033f07d35453d1ee190"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.15800","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"54b037cbd5f8df1f01bd7719c3645fbc6d44aaabe04eb052bf1a9155599e8ded","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"54b037cbd5f8df1f01bd7719c3645fbc6d44aaabe04eb052bf1a9155599e8ded","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56.806885Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56.806885Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tQ3988YsfPIyVFGxnWIvCI53uzsz1rCuZCsE10/T5QHqMWOzZm0lWQ1cVZpMElNWCPB/ln57fTukR/YH2n/eBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:22:56.807356Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.15800","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b81a074df4d9c03448bc48d098f497aef78eae7ee5095fac97f89147dcfe6054","sha256:bf7246bdf1f243d468a68fe98fa4ab243e7a9c56059083faaae249913f1a6e39"],"state_sha256":"bd4db35aad9648dff0c075e950cfeefcef5e70c164b8590a451477bc71e88152"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"phdq28EJbbzKIcADsW+p6SxS4E5pKLJcTJChXonUL00cKbadloy12GXtejVEd+jIlWw7PNxZhXPUFWBM0pXNAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-24T07:30:35.028714Z","bundle_sha256":"4c76b639fd458a399abb60d59880192075fe02f6ae097e145337d6418d14b576"}}