{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ","short_pith_number":"pith:KTEYC4UO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1001.4844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-01-27T03:21:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5df2e750c8fcc3877a1d6f6a4077062dd3f49dc3d25856609e549750002cb753","abstract_canon_sha256":"747b0684f943596c80422f16da401e9b1bc90a5ad23f5dbbdb1266dd8ec0a318"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"54c981728e31d442c2fa6580a4ba4dce53ffa7d7fdd9bb4bcc32cf374db83629","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1001.4844","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1001.4844","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1001.4844v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1001.4844","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KTEYC4UOGHKE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KTEYC4UO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1001.4844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-01-27T03:21:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5df2e750c8fcc3877a1d6f6a4077062dd3f49dc3d25856609e549750002cb753","abstract_canon_sha256":"747b0684f943596c80422f16da401e9b1bc90a5ad23f5dbbdb1266dd8ec0a318"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"54c981728e31d442c2fa6580a4ba4dce53ffa7d7fdd9bb4bcc32cf374db83629","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29.402745Z","signature_b64":"7f5raBbg2ZJ2EpiFcstOPEfSSCOrEVZI2ErGRkgnkzg4/zSk/16XjVQE2Ev5jH0LRhQBnuYUavBN7fPWCY4gCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"54c981728e31d442c2fa6580a4ba4dce53ffa7d7fdd9bb4bcc32cf374db83629","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29.402348Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29.402348Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1001.4844","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U/+MOvcRW1WSsOnkjOBDo4ybmkehZvLAu43IkBpDBDNnynM3hxY6Ktoo42/AX7rpabEwSJkE2Ma0g3n+poP1AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T13:24:20.482850Z"},"content_sha256":"64d33587d7d9f277181fa578264a5eff3f13b9eb5055d58e598adf2b4b2e4fe0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64d33587d7d9f277181fa578264a5eff3f13b9eb5055d58e598adf2b4b2e4fe0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Entropy and specific heat for open systems in steady states","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"B. Cui, X. L. Huang, X. X. Yi","submitted_at":"2010-01-27T03:21:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"The fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics is that the system is equally likely in any of the accessible microstates. Based on this assumption, the Boltzmann distribution is derived and the full theory of statistical thermodynamics can be built. In this paper, we show that the Boltzmann distribution in general can not describe the steady state of open system. Based on the effective Hamiltonian approach, we calculate the specific heat, the free energy and the entropy for an open system in steady states. Examples are illustrated and discussed."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1001.4844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tqB2H86A/fWJ7S63mGjUFpB9YnGR9TYRHgSGLBHMiSQY0zVrybUelULdA8F21yrVak9V3+vepexAtNGkBDREDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T13:24:20.483513Z"},"content_sha256":"d7ad6c4148dc31ebb4078b2171b7607121f2827d20585a1fe93226c12f854a30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d7ad6c4148dc31ebb4078b2171b7607121f2827d20585a1fe93226c12f854a30"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T13:24:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2MWAKJOSNZZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"747b0684f943596c80422f16da401e9b1bc90a5ad23f5dbbdb1266dd8ec0a318","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-01-27T03:21:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"5df2e750c8fcc3877a1d6f6a4077062dd3f49dc3d25856609e549750002cb753"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1001.4844","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1001.4844","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1001.4844v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1001.4844","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KTEYC4UOGHKE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KTEYC4UOGHKEFQX2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KTEYC4UO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d7ad6c4148dc31ebb4078b2171b7607121f2827d20585a1fe93226c12f854a30","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics is that the system is equally likely in any of the accessible microstates. Based on this assumption, the Boltzmann distribution is derived and the full theory of statistical thermodynamics can be built. In this paper, we show that the Boltzmann distribution in general can not describe the steady state of open system. Based on the effective Hamiltonian approach, we calculate the specific heat, the free energy and the entropy for an open system in steady states. Examples are illustrated and discussed.","authors_text":"B. Cui, X. L. Huang, X. X. Yi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-01-27T03:21:49Z","title":"Entropy and specific heat for open systems in steady states"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1001.4844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:64d33587d7d9f277181fa578264a5eff3f13b9eb5055d58e598adf2b4b2e4fe0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"747b0684f943596c80422f16da401e9b1bc90a5ad23f5dbbdb1266dd8ec0a318","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-01-27T03:21:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"5df2e750c8fcc3877a1d6f6a4077062dd3f49dc3d25856609e549750002cb753"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1001.4844","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"54c981728e31d442c2fa6580a4ba4dce53ffa7d7fdd9bb4bcc32cf374db83629","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"54c981728e31d442c2fa6580a4ba4dce53ffa7d7fdd9bb4bcc32cf374db83629","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29.402348Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29.402348Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7f5raBbg2ZJ2EpiFcstOPEfSSCOrEVZI2ErGRkgnkzg4/zSk/16XjVQE2Ev5jH0LRhQBnuYUavBN7fPWCY4gCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:09:29.402745Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1001.4844","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:64d33587d7d9f277181fa578264a5eff3f13b9eb5055d58e598adf2b4b2e4fe0","sha256:d7ad6c4148dc31ebb4078b2171b7607121f2827d20585a1fe93226c12f854a30"],"state_sha256":"e39032b3c777824cc37bdf9fa6df34e38e84b23558b1210318b39dfa4327156b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ltylUfNYw3A1B49n54hsmUEN2is1IOuZzZoR8GYJvO6rC7AbFVrtZAuULoltc6NBeTqYEnFUeSvcBzgXW3sBAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T13:24:20.486925Z","bundle_sha256":"b8c909981fa6aa6735e824eb90c037ef6c4833e91542d2471ecb20c73b1028e2"}}