{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2","short_pith_number":"pith:KUKNJWP2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.10331","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-06-17T12:17:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"160c71cf9eb6504fa396f184208c917a1316de135b6648b449112e6ee08c01b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"27734d9f539666070de4b9635d45f1863d6af77ae3a6b958c821c33ba13c9207"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5514d4d9fa485d0e6dcbda48134f65ae8a2a5f0cec46f1f2394f0b7038713557","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.10331","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.10331","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.10331v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.10331","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KUKNJWP2JBOQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KUKNJWP2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.10331","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-06-17T12:17:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"160c71cf9eb6504fa396f184208c917a1316de135b6648b449112e6ee08c01b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"27734d9f539666070de4b9635d45f1863d6af77ae3a6b958c821c33ba13c9207"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5514d4d9fa485d0e6dcbda48134f65ae8a2a5f0cec46f1f2394f0b7038713557","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40.121965Z","signature_b64":"zRPy8qEkEg9l96Oz7yloAHd+9nIyDjuEMqZEHl+bn+VKEq1C9P2cN/N6tNcaKxEuLxyUPfjPOFoKSTUV2Yv7Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5514d4d9fa485d0e6dcbda48134f65ae8a2a5f0cec46f1f2394f0b7038713557","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40.121533Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40.121533Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.10331","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EIzO1+WZXgaqrmpwrOAIZwa1dLfrzpzPJPZ97eM0C6XIzEJB0b8iYiQz27pUzIVI8RTyy+Y8J92Na9L3/eLvDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T11:27:31.065240Z"},"content_sha256":"81d25235544921f1e0952c17b0a5b75d8edccad00261c9b3f1b165e56bb5bd4f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:81d25235544921f1e0952c17b0a5b75d8edccad00261c9b3f1b165e56bb5bd4f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Minimum current for detachment of electrolytic bubbles","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Yixin Zhang","submitted_at":"2023-06-17T12:17:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The efficiency of water electrolysis is significantly impacted by the generation of micro- and nanobubbles on the electrodes. Here molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the dynamics of single electrolytic nanobubbles on nanoelectrodes. The simulations reveal that, depending on the value of current, nucleated nanobubbles either grow to an equilibrium state or grow unlimitedly and then detach. To account for these findings, the stability theory for surface nanobubbles is generalized by incorporating the electrolytic gas influx at the nanobubble's contact line and adopting a real"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.10331","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.10331/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6jui2n9wKpQ5altvscxDcQ4R5LIKq0Dy38qmM/BSr8liuLkmmJvgcSnVbRw+ORSYFxbnxd/j+/X8lUBj8ozZCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T11:27:31.065754Z"},"content_sha256":"1eed72ed6642aa3af005850a757055318d291c3ca1c608d58120e2378a131fa0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1eed72ed6642aa3af005850a757055318d291c3ca1c608d58120e2378a131fa0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T11:27:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL3JEBGT3FV2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"27734d9f539666070de4b9635d45f1863d6af77ae3a6b958c821c33ba13c9207","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-06-17T12:17:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"160c71cf9eb6504fa396f184208c917a1316de135b6648b449112e6ee08c01b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.10331","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.10331","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.10331v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.10331","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KUKNJWP2JBOQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KUKNJWP2JBOQ43OL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KUKNJWP2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1eed72ed6642aa3af005850a757055318d291c3ca1c608d58120e2378a131fa0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.10331/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The efficiency of water electrolysis is significantly impacted by the generation of micro- and nanobubbles on the electrodes. Here molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the dynamics of single electrolytic nanobubbles on nanoelectrodes. The simulations reveal that, depending on the value of current, nucleated nanobubbles either grow to an equilibrium state or grow unlimitedly and then detach. To account for these findings, the stability theory for surface nanobubbles is generalized by incorporating the electrolytic gas influx at the nanobubble's contact line and adopting a real","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Yixin Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-06-17T12:17:17Z","title":"Minimum current for detachment of electrolytic bubbles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.10331","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:81d25235544921f1e0952c17b0a5b75d8edccad00261c9b3f1b165e56bb5bd4f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"27734d9f539666070de4b9635d45f1863d6af77ae3a6b958c821c33ba13c9207","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-06-17T12:17:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"160c71cf9eb6504fa396f184208c917a1316de135b6648b449112e6ee08c01b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.10331","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5514d4d9fa485d0e6dcbda48134f65ae8a2a5f0cec46f1f2394f0b7038713557","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5514d4d9fa485d0e6dcbda48134f65ae8a2a5f0cec46f1f2394f0b7038713557","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40.121533Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40.121533Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zRPy8qEkEg9l96Oz7yloAHd+9nIyDjuEMqZEHl+bn+VKEq1C9P2cN/N6tNcaKxEuLxyUPfjPOFoKSTUV2Yv7Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:42:40.121965Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.10331","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:81d25235544921f1e0952c17b0a5b75d8edccad00261c9b3f1b165e56bb5bd4f","sha256:1eed72ed6642aa3af005850a757055318d291c3ca1c608d58120e2378a131fa0"],"state_sha256":"97ee5063a46047ec8558b0dd8e4b3cf3b5bef392ff667139cc94c0745fff89d0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iOlFVdMx1Zr+d7Iq7s+tpeA66/o7y3VmjEAnk/prPiAqk2o44BCK4JAaZWyPvP6Fs/vaUPAhbkxgW11Z5FuhBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T11:27:31.071241Z","bundle_sha256":"654f52690a04f21a187abd73b4f6bfa0bdd0054148eee701e7dd22f38245113b"}}