{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG","short_pith_number":"pith:KWVZR44L","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.10440","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-20T20:48:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bddde843b547f8567054d2272451602380c9eacc81c751298882a585f79ec419","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b011effdabfbb053f90281f542114f483ac0a90a2f86a9e3343efb26da39a54"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"55ab98f38b6cfbe2b516c909a2ae3391800636017c969a078cd2e599c3d8e1d6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.10440","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.10440","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.10440v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.10440","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KWVZR44LNT56","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KWVZR44LNT56FNIW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KWVZR44L","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.10440","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-20T20:48:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bddde843b547f8567054d2272451602380c9eacc81c751298882a585f79ec419","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b011effdabfbb053f90281f542114f483ac0a90a2f86a9e3343efb26da39a54"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"55ab98f38b6cfbe2b516c909a2ae3391800636017c969a078cd2e599c3d8e1d6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12.399457Z","signature_b64":"GzXknN/mc2OJ1uSpZGs5+eWoI8L4pC+v5/osSVgOPTEY8q3NimADCowNgenNCJfyjs8MykREl5vm4gEaUafVBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"55ab98f38b6cfbe2b516c909a2ae3391800636017c969a078cd2e599c3d8e1d6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12.399023Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12.399023Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.10440","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yC54UcTuS/Anwalkj0rXBpFJq0N7OdchEfIU7UgR/n8g0i1hPIw7P4JVnn8XEkxbxPMZsXRK5CspN8wnXVQKAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T14:37:53.809775Z"},"content_sha256":"9092d840516414376d9b03c12d10ec8467305487743661919d3f429b3b7ec668","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9092d840516414376d9b03c12d10ec8467305487743661919d3f429b3b7ec668"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Interventional Sum-Product Networks: Causal Inference with Tractable Probabilistic Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Athresh Karanam, Devendra Singh Dhami, Kristian Kersting, Matej Ze\\v{c}evi\\'c, Sriraam Natarajan","submitted_at":"2021-02-20T20:48:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"While probabilistic models are an important tool for studying causality, doing so suffers from the intractability of inference. As a step towards tractable causal models, we consider the problem of learning interventional distributions using sum-product networks (SPNs) that are over-parameterized by gate functions, e.g., neural networks. Providing an arbitrarily intervened causal graph as input, effectively subsuming Pearl's do-operator, the gate function predicts the parameters of the SPN. The resulting interventional SPNs are motivated and illustrated by a structural causal model themed arou"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.10440","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.10440/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k0E8KAOZ9Mp6yoGfAgmBpMYmByQ9ZTPnxZRn8lHDreTKzHpKphAH1ukObjbhZ72U8a3uon0PlVHRjqecx4KwDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T14:37:53.810374Z"},"content_sha256":"d47233d4b73589e30ca22951a491926361a80a7bf55ec6a9d10e77cbb57afae7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d47233d4b73589e30ca22951a491926361a80a7bf55ec6a9d10e77cbb57afae7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-31T14:37:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:KWVZR44LNT56FNIWZEE2FLRTSG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b011effdabfbb053f90281f542114f483ac0a90a2f86a9e3343efb26da39a54","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-20T20:48:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"bddde843b547f8567054d2272451602380c9eacc81c751298882a585f79ec419"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.10440","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.10440","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.10440v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.10440","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KWVZR44LNT56","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KWVZR44LNT56FNIW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KWVZR44L","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d47233d4b73589e30ca22951a491926361a80a7bf55ec6a9d10e77cbb57afae7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.10440/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While probabilistic models are an important tool for studying causality, doing so suffers from the intractability of inference. As a step towards tractable causal models, we consider the problem of learning interventional distributions using sum-product networks (SPNs) that are over-parameterized by gate functions, e.g., neural networks. Providing an arbitrarily intervened causal graph as input, effectively subsuming Pearl's do-operator, the gate function predicts the parameters of the SPN. The resulting interventional SPNs are motivated and illustrated by a structural causal model themed arou","authors_text":"Athresh Karanam, Devendra Singh Dhami, Kristian Kersting, Matej Ze\\v{c}evi\\'c, Sriraam Natarajan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-20T20:48:47Z","title":"Interventional Sum-Product Networks: Causal Inference with Tractable Probabilistic Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.10440","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9092d840516414376d9b03c12d10ec8467305487743661919d3f429b3b7ec668","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b011effdabfbb053f90281f542114f483ac0a90a2f86a9e3343efb26da39a54","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-20T20:48:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"bddde843b547f8567054d2272451602380c9eacc81c751298882a585f79ec419"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.10440","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"55ab98f38b6cfbe2b516c909a2ae3391800636017c969a078cd2e599c3d8e1d6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"55ab98f38b6cfbe2b516c909a2ae3391800636017c969a078cd2e599c3d8e1d6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12.399023Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12.399023Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GzXknN/mc2OJ1uSpZGs5+eWoI8L4pC+v5/osSVgOPTEY8q3NimADCowNgenNCJfyjs8MykREl5vm4gEaUafVBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:25:12.399457Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.10440","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9092d840516414376d9b03c12d10ec8467305487743661919d3f429b3b7ec668","sha256:d47233d4b73589e30ca22951a491926361a80a7bf55ec6a9d10e77cbb57afae7"],"state_sha256":"9a801f946a2fdf320914026e394fa32508352b9e1d4622c30cda406c24c88f47"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/aGDfXV2nFhIaDp/fsiIx0TuLeUiqHqQsxIw5NAQ3IXkI2CTjDZHdJkh1Fucu/Z6WN5KQVJYPxSmugIcgOm9Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T14:37:53.815200Z","bundle_sha256":"99647f397e3212b40cdabf38b1ee4c4aa0cc3ecce42fe58befe2342e7d46f09e"}}