{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT","short_pith_number":"pith:KXEAGP2O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.06988","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2015-06-23T13:36:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT","nlin.AO","q-bio.BM"],"title_canon_sha256":"92c91f71c3b802c5bf3e1cfe8612607981b2ddcaf6c2ede7d94f6b83eda9c35e","abstract_canon_sha256":"89d94614dfc5a9f91db8123651deae666ec7085eb52610a6e321c6556d7bf3be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"55c8033f4e0c09fbb78106c80bdce874c820a97032c80225299e62e4aaee9913","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1506.06988","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.06988","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.06988v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.06988","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KXEAGP2OBQE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KXEAGP2O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.06988","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2015-06-23T13:36:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT","nlin.AO","q-bio.BM"],"title_canon_sha256":"92c91f71c3b802c5bf3e1cfe8612607981b2ddcaf6c2ede7d94f6b83eda9c35e","abstract_canon_sha256":"89d94614dfc5a9f91db8123651deae666ec7085eb52610a6e321c6556d7bf3be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"55c8033f4e0c09fbb78106c80bdce874c820a97032c80225299e62e4aaee9913","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17.807035Z","signature_b64":"DANkMUOonFRJoSQlWtON19zu5D/QxBlBVBxYkWHbDSSvnPVqdmW9MFaTlYLV8oQeck6Kf/VozzF7RpfurzFcDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"55c8033f4e0c09fbb78106c80bdce874c820a97032c80225299e62e4aaee9913","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17.806577Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17.806577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1506.06988","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HGzHUplliSUkoLGKBYf01plwKLdHSjk8Jw1niv9fmDQS/Hps0JDMq72llGum4ZZHdZvxbrfJ+y9cRN3vqavCAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T11:50:42.985722Z"},"content_sha256":"fdf03838f3e9051d4375233ad7513eca74d79cd4c2a1503c6843d43fe866ce68","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fdf03838f3e9051d4375233ad7513eca74d79cd4c2a1503c6843d43fe866ce68"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"From Entropy to Information: Biased Typewriters and the Origin of Life","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT","nlin.AO","q-bio.BM"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","authors_text":"Christoph Adami, Thomas LaBar","submitted_at":"2015-06-23T13:36:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"The origin of life can be understood mathematically to be the origin of information that can replicate. The likelihood that entropy spontaneously becomes information can be calculated from first principles, and depends exponentially on the amount of information that is necessary for replication. We do not know what the minimum amount of information for self-replication is because it must depend on the local chemistry, but we can study how this likelihood behaves in different known chemistries, and we can study ways in which this likelihood can be enhanced. Here we present evidence from numeric"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.06988","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DKD6XAVewcZj/IjjaFcEqn9FGN7qtejd2pY9qxBXnwRmnSunKzeNh+kVtstNPnn6AEPNtgt+HtbjAGZlx9wYBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T11:50:42.986067Z"},"content_sha256":"74bbbc0394d0ae5dcdd99377c7821d2939320f0bf2d9b922131158c1e8c57a0a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:74bbbc0394d0ae5dcdd99377c7821d2939320f0bf2d9b922131158c1e8c57a0a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T11:50:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4BA3EAXXHIOT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89d94614dfc5a9f91db8123651deae666ec7085eb52610a6e321c6556d7bf3be","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT","nlin.AO","q-bio.BM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2015-06-23T13:36:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"92c91f71c3b802c5bf3e1cfe8612607981b2ddcaf6c2ede7d94f6b83eda9c35e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.06988","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.06988","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.06988v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.06988","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KXEAGP2OBQE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KXEAGP2OBQE7XN4B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KXEAGP2O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:74bbbc0394d0ae5dcdd99377c7821d2939320f0bf2d9b922131158c1e8c57a0a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The origin of life can be understood mathematically to be the origin of information that can replicate. The likelihood that entropy spontaneously becomes information can be calculated from first principles, and depends exponentially on the amount of information that is necessary for replication. We do not know what the minimum amount of information for self-replication is because it must depend on the local chemistry, but we can study how this likelihood behaves in different known chemistries, and we can study ways in which this likelihood can be enhanced. Here we present evidence from numeric","authors_text":"Christoph Adami, Thomas LaBar","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT","nlin.AO","q-bio.BM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2015-06-23T13:36:54Z","title":"From Entropy to Information: Biased Typewriters and the Origin of Life"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.06988","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fdf03838f3e9051d4375233ad7513eca74d79cd4c2a1503c6843d43fe866ce68","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89d94614dfc5a9f91db8123651deae666ec7085eb52610a6e321c6556d7bf3be","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT","nlin.AO","q-bio.BM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2015-06-23T13:36:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"92c91f71c3b802c5bf3e1cfe8612607981b2ddcaf6c2ede7d94f6b83eda9c35e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.06988","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"55c8033f4e0c09fbb78106c80bdce874c820a97032c80225299e62e4aaee9913","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"55c8033f4e0c09fbb78106c80bdce874c820a97032c80225299e62e4aaee9913","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17.806577Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17.806577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DANkMUOonFRJoSQlWtON19zu5D/QxBlBVBxYkWHbDSSvnPVqdmW9MFaTlYLV8oQeck6Kf/VozzF7RpfurzFcDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:17.807035Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1506.06988","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fdf03838f3e9051d4375233ad7513eca74d79cd4c2a1503c6843d43fe866ce68","sha256:74bbbc0394d0ae5dcdd99377c7821d2939320f0bf2d9b922131158c1e8c57a0a"],"state_sha256":"5b8ebfd19a72d374f14e789adcfdcce7afa9c730d46062089b3c8269cd004dfe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mJTkpDsmxbvG99QYNg2DDYxnyorWvd7fEZDwx/6Kktd8GBSCcUnrVw+0cNUen3mRJwoG0s59i+vIYzMeknGwCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T11:50:42.987998Z","bundle_sha256":"c21566ad38c97a56687583891226c6569eadf9ac27cc854a813430c98465654c"}}