{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN","short_pith_number":"pith:KXQLPTLD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.06949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-06-22T13:51:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"39098f5b9976ba416311ae66b91bb2f729d4c99b89f5d55c84b1cf0f9bc615fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"88b3adb1f0e74a794909d90fa329a7134da74b550837ed6e3afdeff3b14ea93e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"55e0b7cd638ccc29463e37459d244f635a03030de63c5193fb56d348d8c59b0d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1606.06949","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.06949","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.06949v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.06949","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KXQLPTLDRTGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KXQLPTLD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.06949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-06-22T13:51:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"39098f5b9976ba416311ae66b91bb2f729d4c99b89f5d55c84b1cf0f9bc615fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"88b3adb1f0e74a794909d90fa329a7134da74b550837ed6e3afdeff3b14ea93e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"55e0b7cd638ccc29463e37459d244f635a03030de63c5193fb56d348d8c59b0d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00.851380Z","signature_b64":"JxN3WebSJoKJWnoDe7YH+JUODSajV3eSIrAph1l63SpwPc7jh9wTzwo3OqYy79LUQJz5CVfOfb+mbLakIZ74Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"55e0b7cd638ccc29463e37459d244f635a03030de63c5193fb56d348d8c59b0d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00.851010Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00.851010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1606.06949","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hNIzX+WbBqfsKZuWB5wImoXYu8Yr7awwCjgfnQGehVecvrgLIVBgcwqdLZ7M+LoOTVA+/GisD2tYQjRKv/T9DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T10:24:18.835981Z"},"content_sha256":"2824721f8f936451171ba229d95cd3a0cd40391d94cf07e2ec76163455ab6b74","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2824721f8f936451171ba229d95cd3a0cd40391d94cf07e2ec76163455ab6b74"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Garnet-free optical circulators monolithically integrated on spatially modified III-V quantum wells","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Demetrios Christodoulides, Mercedeh Khajavikhan, Parinaz Aleahmad, Patrick LiKamWa","submitted_at":"2016-06-22T13:51:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Optical circulators are indispensable components in photonic networks that are aimed to route information in a unidirectional way among their N-ports1,2. In general, these devices rely on magneto-optical garnets3 with appreciable Verdet constants that are utilized in conjunction with other elements like permanent magnets, wave-plates, birefringent crystals and/or beam splitters. Consequently, these arrangements are typically bulky and hence not conducive to on-chip photonic integration4-6. Of interest would be to devise strategies through which miniaturized optical circulators can be monolithi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.06949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h1omA1UvDVUe8YCoi3/Ha4oT3DxOenWs9t/xd3T7ygkwrTGN017oBL+oHLOAgzXYJfbxPHtgUhDLecoFh62OAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T10:24:18.836656Z"},"content_sha256":"cddafab9418103f78fd6d02c0618c774688d6811f70e5c94ec1e3e7870bd57d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cddafab9418103f78fd6d02c0618c774688d6811f70e5c94ec1e3e7870bd57d7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T10:24:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6G5CZ2JCPMN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"88b3adb1f0e74a794909d90fa329a7134da74b550837ed6e3afdeff3b14ea93e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-06-22T13:51:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"39098f5b9976ba416311ae66b91bb2f729d4c99b89f5d55c84b1cf0f9bc615fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.06949","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.06949","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.06949v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.06949","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KXQLPTLDRTGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KXQLPTLDRTGCSRR6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KXQLPTLD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cddafab9418103f78fd6d02c0618c774688d6811f70e5c94ec1e3e7870bd57d7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Optical circulators are indispensable components in photonic networks that are aimed to route information in a unidirectional way among their N-ports1,2. In general, these devices rely on magneto-optical garnets3 with appreciable Verdet constants that are utilized in conjunction with other elements like permanent magnets, wave-plates, birefringent crystals and/or beam splitters. Consequently, these arrangements are typically bulky and hence not conducive to on-chip photonic integration4-6. Of interest would be to devise strategies through which miniaturized optical circulators can be monolithi","authors_text":"Demetrios Christodoulides, Mercedeh Khajavikhan, Parinaz Aleahmad, Patrick LiKamWa","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-06-22T13:51:45Z","title":"Garnet-free optical circulators monolithically integrated on spatially modified III-V quantum wells"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.06949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2824721f8f936451171ba229d95cd3a0cd40391d94cf07e2ec76163455ab6b74","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"88b3adb1f0e74a794909d90fa329a7134da74b550837ed6e3afdeff3b14ea93e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-06-22T13:51:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"39098f5b9976ba416311ae66b91bb2f729d4c99b89f5d55c84b1cf0f9bc615fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.06949","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"55e0b7cd638ccc29463e37459d244f635a03030de63c5193fb56d348d8c59b0d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"55e0b7cd638ccc29463e37459d244f635a03030de63c5193fb56d348d8c59b0d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00.851010Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00.851010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JxN3WebSJoKJWnoDe7YH+JUODSajV3eSIrAph1l63SpwPc7jh9wTzwo3OqYy79LUQJz5CVfOfb+mbLakIZ74Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:00.851380Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1606.06949","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2824721f8f936451171ba229d95cd3a0cd40391d94cf07e2ec76163455ab6b74","sha256:cddafab9418103f78fd6d02c0618c774688d6811f70e5c94ec1e3e7870bd57d7"],"state_sha256":"1d1de41eb82e38c07affec54313c264bdb7ff0c7971ff5dda9a1e02469457368"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"auTXK2whjdRN8T2g0oK9e2P5gZjPHI1K5F0bcocQ/9CcXpiN4qY19AzNZ+O566tbUZeAl1FrEt/jwhzePV6LCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T10:24:18.839841Z","bundle_sha256":"21bcc95fe52ee754db52e3df90554b7ec5cb83d91483945f0ae0e80d3e6d19ca"}}