{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:KYAAPMHUUIJ7XBHNN2YMZIVCF3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0856c4e3c931fea27584ed4f1886995f5f2e562b03d665f683fa62d2e13e372","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T11:43:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"82861da1716b502aacb909a6e7ff2bbda35ef7eba3a53177597b7c11d920a94d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.1282","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.1282","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.1282v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.1282","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KYAAPMHUUIJ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KYAAPMHUUIJ7XBHN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KYAAPMHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6fa6b94eeb362e5fc55be7ea8a7393b1b4fe74fc95d99949a93309a5173c224","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Carnot cycle imposes a fundamental upper limit to the efficiency of a macroscopic motor operating between two thermal baths. However, this bound needs to be reinterpreted at microscopic scales, where molecular bio-motors and some artificial micro-engines operate. As described by stochastic thermodynamics, energy transfers in microscopic systems are random and thermal fluctuations induce transient decreases of entropy, allowing for possible violations of the Carnot limit. Despite its potential relevance for the development of a thermodynamics of small systems, an experimental study of micro","authors_text":"Dmitri Petrov, \\'Edgar Rold\\'an, Ignacio A. Mart\\'inez, Juan M. R. Parrondo, Luis Dinis, Ra\\'ul A. Rica","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T11:43:06Z","title":"Brownian Carnot engine"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.1282","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b1dbecfb80b70aa8226e6a60599ad08b8c657ae8dba70ad6e946a33e4f8269bd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0856c4e3c931fea27584ed4f1886995f5f2e562b03d665f683fa62d2e13e372","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T11:43:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"82861da1716b502aacb909a6e7ff2bbda35ef7eba3a53177597b7c11d920a94d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.1282","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"560007b0f4a213fb84ed6eb0cca2a22ed1ed6df534383b1d42db2e5fda302969","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"560007b0f4a213fb84ed6eb0cca2a22ed1ed6df534383b1d42db2e5fda302969","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32.538561Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32.538561Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BOcjNsPsqRRr/gqfLQMsJioZy9pdykxG2G/TCt6wwBJc3/Qezk7XUH77/fc9ZiPWEiucEuS/Tc3bLK06kjG9AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:32.539287Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1412.1282","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b1dbecfb80b70aa8226e6a60599ad08b8c657ae8dba70ad6e946a33e4f8269bd","sha256:a6fa6b94eeb362e5fc55be7ea8a7393b1b4fe74fc95d99949a93309a5173c224"],"state_sha256":"064cf9972fc93110facfa26fa6a0be0dfa58adf2ffc574446f4d5248c1856c81"}