{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM","short_pith_number":"pith:KZQCUYJB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.08839","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-24T05:06:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"b06705d3422fe97b8063ea3d6e59bab5f1e5286c307b54481a5c0ad2621128bf","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ea481afb6138a50e3269b933d486a75d39d0aa5e068f27016458db02d812d1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"56602a612196cafef2b0da1fcee34b133dceb21fb727d068340dd1598c63d77b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.08839","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.08839","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.08839v4","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.08839","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KZQCUYJBS3FP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KZQCUYJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.08839","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-24T05:06:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"b06705d3422fe97b8063ea3d6e59bab5f1e5286c307b54481a5c0ad2621128bf","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ea481afb6138a50e3269b933d486a75d39d0aa5e068f27016458db02d812d1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"56602a612196cafef2b0da1fcee34b133dceb21fb727d068340dd1598c63d77b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51.258800Z","signature_b64":"JNQXQNNbcHgyNB+okdli13nxf4J9T0sBFhDw3KWmD+3NAsIL8n1PiXJRgoVOtTbV953qlZ+rufvwHZTyVbR6Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"56602a612196cafef2b0da1fcee34b133dceb21fb727d068340dd1598c63d77b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51.258200Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51.258200Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.08839","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J3CqfuNaeWdJRUyD2R38ixB1qqF/fmhINddPHTqzGgnKKmZumphMRc3VYDfASKli5CwyMtc8QPJ8MkrydyDKDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T17:03:39.243800Z"},"content_sha256":"50a79dcbde74b13a3350317bf9b0fb57c6bc12b09b2999d7b0dc039e658b641a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50a79dcbde74b13a3350317bf9b0fb57c6bc12b09b2999d7b0dc039e658b641a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient Nonlinear Precoding for Massive MU-MIMO Downlink Systems with 1-Bit DACs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Fei Wen, Lei Chu, Lily Li, Robert Qiu","submitted_at":"2018-04-24T05:06:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"The power consumption of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) constitutes a significant proportion of the total power consumption in a massive multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) base station (BS). Using 1-bit DACs can significantly reduce the power consumption. This paper addresses the precoding problem for the massive narrow-band MU-MIMO downlink system equipped with 1-bit DACs at each BS. In such a system, the precoding problem plays a central role as the precoded symbols are affected by extra distortion introduced by 1-bit DACs. In this paper, we develop a highly-efficient no"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.08839","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aKZf36ysVtw0T7p6xTo/X1fg+Ql19rNBQzLVc+UjM10JbmYEzC+jinpMWpM/iAqY75cZpPUg/1s2yFwOo0RsBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T17:03:39.244191Z"},"content_sha256":"73adbcad00d407b1d0d94dc51caa570d953922da8bbd595c26f19d6e3efeb066","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73adbcad00d407b1d0d94dc51caa570d953922da8bbd595c26f19d6e3efeb066"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-03T17:03:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ3IP45Y2LCM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ea481afb6138a50e3269b933d486a75d39d0aa5e068f27016458db02d812d1","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-24T05:06:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"b06705d3422fe97b8063ea3d6e59bab5f1e5286c307b54481a5c0ad2621128bf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.08839","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.08839","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.08839v4","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.08839","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KZQCUYJBS3FP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KZQCUYJBS3FP54VQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KZQCUYJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:73adbcad00d407b1d0d94dc51caa570d953922da8bbd595c26f19d6e3efeb066","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The power consumption of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) constitutes a significant proportion of the total power consumption in a massive multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) base station (BS). Using 1-bit DACs can significantly reduce the power consumption. This paper addresses the precoding problem for the massive narrow-band MU-MIMO downlink system equipped with 1-bit DACs at each BS. In such a system, the precoding problem plays a central role as the precoded symbols are affected by extra distortion introduced by 1-bit DACs. In this paper, we develop a highly-efficient no","authors_text":"Fei Wen, Lei Chu, Lily Li, Robert Qiu","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-24T05:06:54Z","title":"Efficient Nonlinear Precoding for Massive MU-MIMO Downlink Systems with 1-Bit DACs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.08839","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:50a79dcbde74b13a3350317bf9b0fb57c6bc12b09b2999d7b0dc039e658b641a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ea481afb6138a50e3269b933d486a75d39d0aa5e068f27016458db02d812d1","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-24T05:06:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"b06705d3422fe97b8063ea3d6e59bab5f1e5286c307b54481a5c0ad2621128bf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.08839","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"56602a612196cafef2b0da1fcee34b133dceb21fb727d068340dd1598c63d77b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"56602a612196cafef2b0da1fcee34b133dceb21fb727d068340dd1598c63d77b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51.258200Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51.258200Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JNQXQNNbcHgyNB+okdli13nxf4J9T0sBFhDw3KWmD+3NAsIL8n1PiXJRgoVOtTbV953qlZ+rufvwHZTyVbR6Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:51.258800Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.08839","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:50a79dcbde74b13a3350317bf9b0fb57c6bc12b09b2999d7b0dc039e658b641a","sha256:73adbcad00d407b1d0d94dc51caa570d953922da8bbd595c26f19d6e3efeb066"],"state_sha256":"2236f8bf4af658a45af24651225b07b70d90f626f1e456bca8f985f9d6e2326e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9qsR5gCHN8SNXdi5nzBYSZSW7dtP4XaubJlWm5+hK/fVHCmlmt3xK0a1tcZnvegE0Ecib0FCKVBjp1EMrC2nAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T17:03:39.246219Z","bundle_sha256":"3a85b768df24c110eb55cd0a5eb69ec0f01938082f9c0082c91d25662a56ebea"}}