{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL","short_pith_number":"pith:KZYYJUCZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.5481","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-08-23T10:20:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2343e9cfff9500cf28643a3b7f2d0af5d7cd9b22b1c413f04430c0470f013d8c","abstract_canon_sha256":"766ff1ec3183968b96e5e1e5cc72f4c7fcbe5109ceb3d22bdd07bc4056f1559b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"567184d059b37666a5eec7ab11a300a2d8694c70bb4012d43206b882eabc576d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1408.5481","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.5481","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.5481v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.5481","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KZYYJUCZWN3G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KZYYJUCZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.5481","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-08-23T10:20:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2343e9cfff9500cf28643a3b7f2d0af5d7cd9b22b1c413f04430c0470f013d8c","abstract_canon_sha256":"766ff1ec3183968b96e5e1e5cc72f4c7fcbe5109ceb3d22bdd07bc4056f1559b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"567184d059b37666a5eec7ab11a300a2d8694c70bb4012d43206b882eabc576d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13.641519Z","signature_b64":"l96ZTnBVlErAnmQZ4FKlbp71DojG79+8kv5HVtAd4NnfM9WRO63EpwNvkMvy2T6uW8tVIdZAXJvk8B6JDBwLDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"567184d059b37666a5eec7ab11a300a2d8694c70bb4012d43206b882eabc576d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13.640990Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13.640990Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1408.5481","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zubohMK6nk7ihhtHe2jVe0uTgjRuK1ryS5rYPc1Crf1Q3adNFc1jYwIWR0VrVqjc18wddiIXBdp4HtYDyQCoAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T21:15:31.762515Z"},"content_sha256":"cef42dcf7b5df461f0d13ba34240084b3b3a4c888bcb50ceb7694b9811f9d27e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cef42dcf7b5df461f0d13ba34240084b3b3a4c888bcb50ceb7694b9811f9d27e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Friction forces in cosmological models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Andrea Geralico, Daniele Gregoris, Donato Bini, Sauro Succi","submitted_at":"2014-08-23T10:20:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the dynamics of test particles undergoing friction forces in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime. The interaction with the background fluid is modeled by introducing a Poynting-Robertson-like friction force in the equations of motion, leading to measurable (at least in principle) deviations of the particle trajectories from geodesic motion. The effect on the peculiar velocities of the particles is investigated for various equations of state of the background fluid and different standard cosmological models. The friction force is found to have major effects on particle m"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.5481","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ccYAhCbbS/szsIRsgDyc+OkOmyAaKlaFJiDqLFJxKnKC7T3KGMZMQZ1rmsd953wGZv6eO07kyO7NqlKEcNF9Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T21:15:31.762900Z"},"content_sha256":"73d8b9ba71ac6d77c485371d4c37d1c05f5df0da1d857511e55fcda2c4ecb344","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73d8b9ba71ac6d77c485371d4c37d1c05f5df0da1d857511e55fcda2c4ecb344"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T21:15:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPOY6VRDIYAUL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"766ff1ec3183968b96e5e1e5cc72f4c7fcbe5109ceb3d22bdd07bc4056f1559b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-08-23T10:20:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"2343e9cfff9500cf28643a3b7f2d0af5d7cd9b22b1c413f04430c0470f013d8c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.5481","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.5481","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.5481v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.5481","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KZYYJUCZWN3G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KZYYJUCZWN3GNJPO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KZYYJUCZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:73d8b9ba71ac6d77c485371d4c37d1c05f5df0da1d857511e55fcda2c4ecb344","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the dynamics of test particles undergoing friction forces in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime. The interaction with the background fluid is modeled by introducing a Poynting-Robertson-like friction force in the equations of motion, leading to measurable (at least in principle) deviations of the particle trajectories from geodesic motion. The effect on the peculiar velocities of the particles is investigated for various equations of state of the background fluid and different standard cosmological models. The friction force is found to have major effects on particle m","authors_text":"Andrea Geralico, Daniele Gregoris, Donato Bini, Sauro Succi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-08-23T10:20:21Z","title":"Friction forces in cosmological models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.5481","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cef42dcf7b5df461f0d13ba34240084b3b3a4c888bcb50ceb7694b9811f9d27e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"766ff1ec3183968b96e5e1e5cc72f4c7fcbe5109ceb3d22bdd07bc4056f1559b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-08-23T10:20:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"2343e9cfff9500cf28643a3b7f2d0af5d7cd9b22b1c413f04430c0470f013d8c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.5481","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"567184d059b37666a5eec7ab11a300a2d8694c70bb4012d43206b882eabc576d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"567184d059b37666a5eec7ab11a300a2d8694c70bb4012d43206b882eabc576d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13.640990Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13.640990Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"l96ZTnBVlErAnmQZ4FKlbp71DojG79+8kv5HVtAd4NnfM9WRO63EpwNvkMvy2T6uW8tVIdZAXJvk8B6JDBwLDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:13.641519Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1408.5481","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cef42dcf7b5df461f0d13ba34240084b3b3a4c888bcb50ceb7694b9811f9d27e","sha256:73d8b9ba71ac6d77c485371d4c37d1c05f5df0da1d857511e55fcda2c4ecb344"],"state_sha256":"fa6c420b3be20429b5107d9508257ecda34d9da1edc0c92dc4c4688bf3b6ff7b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pmKn/Z9saJcs2rCod8xGfeq+YA2Z3fugk1BkXDnhhv31eIv845JZFGUm3PQvjjO2rRZTs93Gsibpm//HkXmvDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T21:15:31.765287Z","bundle_sha256":"d823a9ac50f3f563cc29b4e98137a878f27c78f5ad9a91c54b5ed68b69972f05"}}