{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO","short_pith_number":"pith:L4BTJBAX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.03269","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-11-08T04:59:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"414b589ea441999093a7b5e0fc333ce5d1bfa6b040a6a7151f822e04bcf29dbc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a176b0d9c84d5e4105b5c477cebac855cd3cd5f2bdac62c9b7cdf83f85862771"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5f033484176875c66fdc0c2726dc146b8111ba2db6094583317c9b6454fa538f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.03269","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.03269","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.03269v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.03269","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L4BTJBAXNB24","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L4BTJBAXNB24M364","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L4BTJBAX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.03269","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-11-08T04:59:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"414b589ea441999093a7b5e0fc333ce5d1bfa6b040a6a7151f822e04bcf29dbc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a176b0d9c84d5e4105b5c477cebac855cd3cd5f2bdac62c9b7cdf83f85862771"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5f033484176875c66fdc0c2726dc146b8111ba2db6094583317c9b6454fa538f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17.113204Z","signature_b64":"LgjZvQdijaSDrYQWqPb1WUULK6g5tfNSbz1Z71QF/cFUmh+bBgD41QcG/Mfn0i1PfBO07vbi+iGdk+98+K1eCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5f033484176875c66fdc0c2726dc146b8111ba2db6094583317c9b6454fa538f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17.112571Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17.112571Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.03269","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"onKuq4cfqvI7pIsFZYdyP5vmiAS/LaZA0wWy/U3sEqgF8ifxLFXg/+r9AZeK61SOgdPjvwrpmSpZZjtd1Qp9DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T12:08:08.829477Z"},"content_sha256":"f1b0a070423a62221b2a522f137e6a3ed9500f92980fb2c2294bacc070ca115a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f1b0a070423a62221b2a522f137e6a3ed9500f92980fb2c2294bacc070ca115a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hardware-Constrained Millimeter Wave Systems for 5G: Challenges, Opportunities, and Solutions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Chao-Kai Wen, Feifei Gao, Jie Yang, Michail Matthaiou, Shi Jin, Xi Yang","submitted_at":"2018-11-08T04:59:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although millimeter wave (mmWave) systems promise to offer larger bandwidth and unprecedented peak data rates, their practical implementation faces several hardware challenges compared to sub-6 GHz communication systems. These hardware constraints can seriously undermine the performance and deployment progress of mmWave systems and, thus, necessitate disruptive solutions in the cross-design of analog and digital modules. In this article, we discuss the importance of different hardware constraints and propose a novel system architecture, which is able to release these hardware constraints while"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.03269","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b9vQXMbLMJmjocEyEo2AjfKvkTkXykV3V8B57ID3vELKf3bPIS4wVly31wAN0vFJSbyT/REAGak3Ih0iwfBEAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T12:08:08.829828Z"},"content_sha256":"fada95bbc2410706607c6a3470409b7ea080ee9adb42f36a18d074460ace0453","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fada95bbc2410706607c6a3470409b7ea080ee9adb42f36a18d074460ace0453"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T12:08:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:L4BTJBAXNB24M364BQTSNXAUNO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a176b0d9c84d5e4105b5c477cebac855cd3cd5f2bdac62c9b7cdf83f85862771","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-11-08T04:59:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"414b589ea441999093a7b5e0fc333ce5d1bfa6b040a6a7151f822e04bcf29dbc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.03269","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.03269","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.03269v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.03269","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L4BTJBAXNB24","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L4BTJBAXNB24M364","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L4BTJBAX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fada95bbc2410706607c6a3470409b7ea080ee9adb42f36a18d074460ace0453","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although millimeter wave (mmWave) systems promise to offer larger bandwidth and unprecedented peak data rates, their practical implementation faces several hardware challenges compared to sub-6 GHz communication systems. These hardware constraints can seriously undermine the performance and deployment progress of mmWave systems and, thus, necessitate disruptive solutions in the cross-design of analog and digital modules. In this article, we discuss the importance of different hardware constraints and propose a novel system architecture, which is able to release these hardware constraints while","authors_text":"Chao-Kai Wen, Feifei Gao, Jie Yang, Michail Matthaiou, Shi Jin, Xi Yang","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-11-08T04:59:04Z","title":"Hardware-Constrained Millimeter Wave Systems for 5G: Challenges, Opportunities, and Solutions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.03269","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f1b0a070423a62221b2a522f137e6a3ed9500f92980fb2c2294bacc070ca115a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a176b0d9c84d5e4105b5c477cebac855cd3cd5f2bdac62c9b7cdf83f85862771","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-11-08T04:59:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"414b589ea441999093a7b5e0fc333ce5d1bfa6b040a6a7151f822e04bcf29dbc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.03269","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5f033484176875c66fdc0c2726dc146b8111ba2db6094583317c9b6454fa538f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5f033484176875c66fdc0c2726dc146b8111ba2db6094583317c9b6454fa538f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17.112571Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17.112571Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LgjZvQdijaSDrYQWqPb1WUULK6g5tfNSbz1Z71QF/cFUmh+bBgD41QcG/Mfn0i1PfBO07vbi+iGdk+98+K1eCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:17.113204Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.03269","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f1b0a070423a62221b2a522f137e6a3ed9500f92980fb2c2294bacc070ca115a","sha256:fada95bbc2410706607c6a3470409b7ea080ee9adb42f36a18d074460ace0453"],"state_sha256":"6fe1d9a512bf0ef5820974c2dce58d5505b5b1941edfb0d247100c44b6167997"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"omYaGLbvUFcyJIxjyVb8+VyeqMQt0+BbOWzmckknzUU8m3OooUb8Pj6m1OgTDpf2UvMSufxtQ7bABnDBapmMBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T12:08:08.832194Z","bundle_sha256":"60c29e8bfbb00a0b3bc8f160a731fcac30efb5df0079e6076fb6edbf3e6b38a6"}}