{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY","short_pith_number":"pith:L5HIA2TT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.09092","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-04-19T18:57:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"fc0ec5723d3983514b130ccdba63d0234658bc6b20753fe66070ac25e3e26f35","abstract_canon_sha256":"46883d28052437e1e2830305b48d4adc48cae7ee21a7ec4f1316a151687bf0c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5f4e806a73f925834850aef07724334e3ea0e906ffbc7cd00e72b01b8f3f4813","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.09092","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.09092","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.09092v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.09092","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L5HIA2TT7ESY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L5HIA2TT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.09092","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-04-19T18:57:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"fc0ec5723d3983514b130ccdba63d0234658bc6b20753fe66070ac25e3e26f35","abstract_canon_sha256":"46883d28052437e1e2830305b48d4adc48cae7ee21a7ec4f1316a151687bf0c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5f4e806a73f925834850aef07724334e3ea0e906ffbc7cd00e72b01b8f3f4813","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24.879111Z","signature_b64":"aN0ccQKOD/IU/daZGz3O1ywi5DhLwwh+GO65HWM2IkdnswnB0Sq83zv+XSGQ5OkJ+Fod99pe1YOF/Prnr5qXDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5f4e806a73f925834850aef07724334e3ea0e906ffbc7cd00e72b01b8f3f4813","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24.878738Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24.878738Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2204.09092","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nzC9JEtYqgSUNOY9hiyN0e5ENcBbV1s2EwKvSnZtF11+I6l4DbuCMH7UkN+IlregL0ocRC0PFyLq5au4+ad9DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T12:56:33.600728Z"},"content_sha256":"df41008f4309dc96ddaba4821e0d7a8b74b920f9d4a81739326dc1dee27cbbb4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:df41008f4309dc96ddaba4821e0d7a8b74b920f9d4a81739326dc1dee27cbbb4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Indiscriminate Data Poisoning Attacks on Neural Networks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Gautam Kamath, Yaoliang Yu, Yiwei Lu","submitted_at":"2022-04-19T18:57:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Data poisoning attacks, in which a malicious adversary aims to influence a model by injecting \"poisoned\" data into the training process, have attracted significant recent attention. In this work, we take a closer look at existing poisoning attacks and connect them with old and new algorithms for solving sequential Stackelberg games. By choosing an appropriate loss function for the attacker and optimizing with algorithms that exploit second-order information, we design poisoning attacks that are effective on neural networks. We present efficient implementations that exploit modern auto-differen"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.09092","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.09092/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dmti3CzhIRYCP6n00PPkHsk+RIWsU+16L0QC7ngo3x9NK7nc58SallIJzHFsiyNBFoa0wUi7bw4pq6Lb4s48Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T12:56:33.601304Z"},"content_sha256":"0b6bed7d2ee0721f9b4796e59737b9f16e41cba61291ae53a0112197af04a7f4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b6bed7d2ee0721f9b4796e59737b9f16e41cba61291ae53a0112197af04a7f4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T12:56:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQV3YHOJBTJY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46883d28052437e1e2830305b48d4adc48cae7ee21a7ec4f1316a151687bf0c1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-04-19T18:57:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"fc0ec5723d3983514b130ccdba63d0234658bc6b20753fe66070ac25e3e26f35"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.09092","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.09092","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.09092v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.09092","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L5HIA2TT7ESY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L5HIA2TT7ESYGSCQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L5HIA2TT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0b6bed7d2ee0721f9b4796e59737b9f16e41cba61291ae53a0112197af04a7f4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2204.09092/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Data poisoning attacks, in which a malicious adversary aims to influence a model by injecting \"poisoned\" data into the training process, have attracted significant recent attention. In this work, we take a closer look at existing poisoning attacks and connect them with old and new algorithms for solving sequential Stackelberg games. By choosing an appropriate loss function for the attacker and optimizing with algorithms that exploit second-order information, we design poisoning attacks that are effective on neural networks. We present efficient implementations that exploit modern auto-differen","authors_text":"Gautam Kamath, Yaoliang Yu, Yiwei Lu","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-04-19T18:57:26Z","title":"Indiscriminate Data Poisoning Attacks on Neural Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.09092","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:df41008f4309dc96ddaba4821e0d7a8b74b920f9d4a81739326dc1dee27cbbb4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46883d28052437e1e2830305b48d4adc48cae7ee21a7ec4f1316a151687bf0c1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-04-19T18:57:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"fc0ec5723d3983514b130ccdba63d0234658bc6b20753fe66070ac25e3e26f35"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.09092","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5f4e806a73f925834850aef07724334e3ea0e906ffbc7cd00e72b01b8f3f4813","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5f4e806a73f925834850aef07724334e3ea0e906ffbc7cd00e72b01b8f3f4813","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24.878738Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24.878738Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aN0ccQKOD/IU/daZGz3O1ywi5DhLwwh+GO65HWM2IkdnswnB0Sq83zv+XSGQ5OkJ+Fod99pe1YOF/Prnr5qXDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:24.879111Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2204.09092","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:df41008f4309dc96ddaba4821e0d7a8b74b920f9d4a81739326dc1dee27cbbb4","sha256:0b6bed7d2ee0721f9b4796e59737b9f16e41cba61291ae53a0112197af04a7f4"],"state_sha256":"495f0ec0429edca69c11a3ecf1e03ba14129dcd6322403a745496c7874a485b4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wF8VfSYTFl9OaLiLaAo392tOW8VcfWKtLc5smqwEUJDX9A+ivVtnpWgV3SuUnNHzqgXv+AW0xpcm4GCmQpjRDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T12:56:33.604977Z","bundle_sha256":"0569eda5ce22e14978d4c5725a508a10c488b66a49e1ce8963122ca94367b3f4"}}