{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB","short_pith_number":"pith:L7GEFKAL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.5854","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T03:53:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4684e6e3217dfa4fc017c629b6f2cec3ce8ecfe9956cfd33fcb1fd0da862086","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0a5724219267ff0ddbbe3e2ecbe73f05557cbe3431dd402c9a98f760134d12d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5fcc42a80b5b1351d104963474d726807ec6cc79b0b62d539c0d3e1f1fea938d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1409.5854","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.5854","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.5854v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.5854","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L7GEFKALLMJV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L7GEFKALLMJVDUIE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L7GEFKAL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.5854","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T03:53:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4684e6e3217dfa4fc017c629b6f2cec3ce8ecfe9956cfd33fcb1fd0da862086","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0a5724219267ff0ddbbe3e2ecbe73f05557cbe3431dd402c9a98f760134d12d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5fcc42a80b5b1351d104963474d726807ec6cc79b0b62d539c0d3e1f1fea938d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59.341298Z","signature_b64":"XD+3IA31WMQWzGs2WIet8BjPh6P8A2DmsulNPO/oQ9ZIFHWXwpCEf7AI5EhFfMdwhb5mxKgZHrZrAtVoZMOSAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5fcc42a80b5b1351d104963474d726807ec6cc79b0b62d539c0d3e1f1fea938d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59.340682Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59.340682Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1409.5854","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wv5GYM4a3uXaBF2UkeDA4oHWZzTlze4C/faaXUDyAPyI7MVsY5EC2b+1Yqfd9BLAr91M981LGlHQaBxmmjRuDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:17:32.162398Z"},"content_sha256":"42e8b2c86d217db078d2dbea5873951a958fdf17ab342c38d25fcfc10631ad57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:42e8b2c86d217db078d2dbea5873951a958fdf17ab342c38d25fcfc10631ad57"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Acceleration of Electrons at Collisionless Shocks Moving Through a Turbulent Magnetic Field","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Fan Guo, Joe Giacalone","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T03:53:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We perform a numerical-simulation study of the acceleration of electrons at shocks that propagate through a prespecified, kinematically defined turbulent magnetic field. The turbulence consists of broadband magnetic fluctuations that are embedded in the plasma and cover a range of wavelengths, the smallest of which is larger than the gyroadii of electrons that are initially injected into the system. We find that when the variance of the turbulent component of the upstream magnetic field is sufficiently large -- $\\sigma^2 \\sim$ 10 $B_0^2$, where $B_0$ is the strength of the background magnetic "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.5854","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G1OiD0T8UHMsNXIWvRzujTUWmaGG+GjWHWDQ99o+GOKzOwjUqkyHWlrXxRtgcBsIK6ZzaBrXzZRcf3kMn3e5Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:17:32.162808Z"},"content_sha256":"322851942e361acd485e64db8ec6df74a0f1b753c37e92473295fbdb337cf2ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:322851942e361acd485e64db8ec6df74a0f1b753c37e92473295fbdb337cf2ae"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T22:17:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:L7GEFKALLMJVDUIESY2HJVZGQB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0a5724219267ff0ddbbe3e2ecbe73f05557cbe3431dd402c9a98f760134d12d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T03:53:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4684e6e3217dfa4fc017c629b6f2cec3ce8ecfe9956cfd33fcb1fd0da862086"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.5854","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.5854","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.5854v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.5854","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L7GEFKALLMJV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L7GEFKALLMJVDUIE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L7GEFKAL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:322851942e361acd485e64db8ec6df74a0f1b753c37e92473295fbdb337cf2ae","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We perform a numerical-simulation study of the acceleration of electrons at shocks that propagate through a prespecified, kinematically defined turbulent magnetic field. The turbulence consists of broadband magnetic fluctuations that are embedded in the plasma and cover a range of wavelengths, the smallest of which is larger than the gyroadii of electrons that are initially injected into the system. We find that when the variance of the turbulent component of the upstream magnetic field is sufficiently large -- $\\sigma^2 \\sim$ 10 $B_0^2$, where $B_0$ is the strength of the background magnetic ","authors_text":"Fan Guo, Joe Giacalone","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T03:53:17Z","title":"The Acceleration of Electrons at Collisionless Shocks Moving Through a Turbulent Magnetic Field"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.5854","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:42e8b2c86d217db078d2dbea5873951a958fdf17ab342c38d25fcfc10631ad57","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0a5724219267ff0ddbbe3e2ecbe73f05557cbe3431dd402c9a98f760134d12d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T03:53:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4684e6e3217dfa4fc017c629b6f2cec3ce8ecfe9956cfd33fcb1fd0da862086"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.5854","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5fcc42a80b5b1351d104963474d726807ec6cc79b0b62d539c0d3e1f1fea938d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5fcc42a80b5b1351d104963474d726807ec6cc79b0b62d539c0d3e1f1fea938d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59.340682Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59.340682Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XD+3IA31WMQWzGs2WIet8BjPh6P8A2DmsulNPO/oQ9ZIFHWXwpCEf7AI5EhFfMdwhb5mxKgZHrZrAtVoZMOSAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:59.341298Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1409.5854","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:42e8b2c86d217db078d2dbea5873951a958fdf17ab342c38d25fcfc10631ad57","sha256:322851942e361acd485e64db8ec6df74a0f1b753c37e92473295fbdb337cf2ae"],"state_sha256":"9d0ec3efe835ec02c27fed0ff77017de38cc8f35ec3a51702283647b456ce016"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YtIyNW3gViPaIkSYWRZv+jXclpf3ReyDsJSaBCIdQ7UzKEwG/GtC92c77n1p3ta8j6dxAo0kiEr/Q8V9+uw3BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:17:32.166094Z","bundle_sha256":"10bd9db338c340b46ab57acf9d1b7d22b05d82273ccb20155642cc242ba57f95"}}