{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU","short_pith_number":"pith:L7QC3FRU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.04310","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T00:30:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c2c7f0b13a06ddee1df368701116c1ab0f06fb362e7fae277b10bf83740308dc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a6fab83e7ade661ce12395d8f5fdd416c8ff66b553f1f1f04a8f9d78a0d66b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5fe02d9634319cb2e45fb626e0a31a3d3630f35b93bd1ad745d798aa489795c2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1704.04310","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.04310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.04310v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.04310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L7QC3FRUGGOL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L7QC3FRU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.04310","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T00:30:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c2c7f0b13a06ddee1df368701116c1ab0f06fb362e7fae277b10bf83740308dc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a6fab83e7ade661ce12395d8f5fdd416c8ff66b553f1f1f04a8f9d78a0d66b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5fe02d9634319cb2e45fb626e0a31a3d3630f35b93bd1ad745d798aa489795c2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46.179359Z","signature_b64":"iqvOZKC3Ey6NcTuWcTyQAnAx65FrC1SeNaQnDhFLQYle7ZfRZfQpmGqr5gAZnhWfWPJLTJaumd8QzgnwW6qHCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5fe02d9634319cb2e45fb626e0a31a3d3630f35b93bd1ad745d798aa489795c2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46.178677Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46.178677Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1704.04310","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KJx7DhPR0pJyCmoktuBsKqrejYJ6gV8yFxpHvjCYcJV88wNZ3jX+ESOVf1800/vlsoXpjn2kqKi5FI5zkJVWDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T20:11:47.835968Z"},"content_sha256":"6b29c1cc0631f83381eca1091b83a396dda378abcee4fda2c2da5b4f630a6c49","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6b29c1cc0631f83381eca1091b83a396dda378abcee4fda2c2da5b4f630a6c49"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Relativistic Light Sails","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"David M. Kipping","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T00:30:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"One proposed method for spacecraft to reach nearby stars is by accelerating sails using either solar radiation pressure or directed energy. This idea constitutes the thesis behind the Breakthrough Starshot project, which aims to accelerate a gram-mass spacecraft up to one-fifth the speed of light towards Proxima Centauri. For such a case, the combination of the sail's low mass and relativistic velocity render previous treatments formally incorrect, including that of Einstein himself in his seminal 1905 paper introducing special relativity. To address this, we present formulae for a sail's acce"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.04310","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qhv1mxYsDdfYsQFNNXGoY0Gtauhdcv3ncexu8wfTA6G1JXZqdXFNqvfnYfcwhSJVJ/My8xYNpDHsk2BdWDHtBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T20:11:47.836662Z"},"content_sha256":"afa2aff6a65403d280499f0c513d62cc3d6aeaea40e3e3662a0d51a86575e05b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:afa2aff6a65403d280499f0c513d62cc3d6aeaea40e3e3662a0d51a86575e05b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T20:11:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7WYTOBIY2HU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a6fab83e7ade661ce12395d8f5fdd416c8ff66b553f1f1f04a8f9d78a0d66b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T00:30:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"c2c7f0b13a06ddee1df368701116c1ab0f06fb362e7fae277b10bf83740308dc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.04310","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.04310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.04310v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.04310","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L7QC3FRUGGOL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L7QC3FRUGGOLFZC7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L7QC3FRU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:afa2aff6a65403d280499f0c513d62cc3d6aeaea40e3e3662a0d51a86575e05b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"One proposed method for spacecraft to reach nearby stars is by accelerating sails using either solar radiation pressure or directed energy. This idea constitutes the thesis behind the Breakthrough Starshot project, which aims to accelerate a gram-mass spacecraft up to one-fifth the speed of light towards Proxima Centauri. For such a case, the combination of the sail's low mass and relativistic velocity render previous treatments formally incorrect, including that of Einstein himself in his seminal 1905 paper introducing special relativity. To address this, we present formulae for a sail's acce","authors_text":"David M. Kipping","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","physics.space-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T00:30:47Z","title":"Relativistic Light Sails"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.04310","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6b29c1cc0631f83381eca1091b83a396dda378abcee4fda2c2da5b4f630a6c49","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a6fab83e7ade661ce12395d8f5fdd416c8ff66b553f1f1f04a8f9d78a0d66b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T00:30:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"c2c7f0b13a06ddee1df368701116c1ab0f06fb362e7fae277b10bf83740308dc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.04310","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"5fe02d9634319cb2e45fb626e0a31a3d3630f35b93bd1ad745d798aa489795c2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5fe02d9634319cb2e45fb626e0a31a3d3630f35b93bd1ad745d798aa489795c2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46.178677Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46.178677Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iqvOZKC3Ey6NcTuWcTyQAnAx65FrC1SeNaQnDhFLQYle7ZfRZfQpmGqr5gAZnhWfWPJLTJaumd8QzgnwW6qHCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:46.179359Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1704.04310","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6b29c1cc0631f83381eca1091b83a396dda378abcee4fda2c2da5b4f630a6c49","sha256:afa2aff6a65403d280499f0c513d62cc3d6aeaea40e3e3662a0d51a86575e05b"],"state_sha256":"8f55ff19b4d11969649171eab46b8d1f582e1f58f9aa5b7c19d34d3383c4b7d9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4qUjrN3uu//6v5X1//5JvseXpk5CWmGheQAIQNpV3CU0WuGy8dLFGwn+6Ke/avsXTXtuXZsLgXLZO1lQ0623Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T20:11:47.839617Z","bundle_sha256":"2536d4ece01a79fba1844990a89fdfffb1992e8ca0276ad2e28dc127de2aff0a"}}