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This phenomenon is known as symmetry fractionalization, and in general it signals the presence of certain discrete 't Hooft anomalies. We describe this in detail in the context of free Maxwell theory in four dimensions. This understanding allows us to deduce the 't Hooft anomalies of non-Abelian gauge theories with renormalization group flows into Maxwell theory by"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2206.15401","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2022-06-30T16:42:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1ecdfab1bc0343056d219df3f401c1ebe56ca457523da40d6f9c8c450921f82","abstract_canon_sha256":"052fe221da3628c087d08bebb54524b758fd2db7ddf04a9396f135bc18c94dcb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:36:29.038143Z","signature_b64":"Ezc98rAlEspLlo6N1MtC8t8bLgb4klU7gif8vYgLQrJo9LEmPyeIuLoePk/MLrDbg0dBMBfyXisMu6WkwwoYBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5813733827dbbfd41a7d376df4c7b84afcfe089ad33b8fe0468e3a200fe5f624","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:36:29.037681Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:36:29.037681Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Line Defect Quantum Numbers & Anomalies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Clay Cordova, T. 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