{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2001:LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y","short_pith_number":"pith:LBDVEC6A","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"5847520bc00cc78edbe233ffb0b8add61bebd4b0d27482d30fce41791b1cf78e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"quant-ph/0102140","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Encoded Universality in Physical Implementations of a Quantum Computer","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"(2) IBM Yorktown, (3) University of Toronto), Berkeley, D.A. Lidar (3), D. Bacon (1), D.P. DiVincenzo (2), J. Kempe (1), K.B. Whaley (1) ((1) University of California","submitted_at":"2001-02-27T23:45:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We revisit the question of universality in quantum computing and propose a new paradigm. Instead of forcing a physical system to enact a predetermined set of universal gates (e.g., single-qubit operations and CNOT), we focus on the intrinsic ability of a system to act as a universal quantum computer using only its naturally available interactions. A key element of this approach is the realization that the fungible nature of quantum information allows for universal manipulations using quantum information encoded in a subspace of the full system Hilbert space, as an alternative to using physical"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0102140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2001-02-27T23:45:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0a8850736e56012967c079a8147326b6dc94b3030103793a0d47d664c4ee8ebe","abstract_canon_sha256":"34f2199d4c9ab626a10554c97c6f31a095b27bb8a0516ab042df60995fb6a093"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028866Z","signature_b64":"p1xrea1fBPXoUmfyp/AT4x3f9kitqtP/Z1GQnjocIpkycLq25obb45C+hHJhz3I1m6iseRmFlddeg81bXtO8BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5847520bc00cc78edbe233ffb0b8add61bebd4b0d27482d30fce41791b1cf78e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028284Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028284Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Encoded Universality in Physical Implementations of a Quantum Computer","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"(2) IBM Yorktown, (3) University of Toronto), Berkeley, D.A. Lidar (3), D. Bacon (1), D.P. DiVincenzo (2), J. Kempe (1), K.B. Whaley (1) ((1) University of California","submitted_at":"2001-02-27T23:45:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We revisit the question of universality in quantum computing and propose a new paradigm. Instead of forcing a physical system to enact a predetermined set of universal gates (e.g., single-qubit operations and CNOT), we focus on the intrinsic ability of a system to act as a universal quantum computer using only its naturally available interactions. A key element of this approach is the realization that the fungible nature of quantum information allows for universal manipulations using quantum information encoded in a subspace of the full system Hilbert space, as an alternative to using physical"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0102140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/0102140","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028362+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/0102140v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028362+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0102140","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028362+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LBDVEC6ABTDY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50.845339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50.845339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LBDVEC6A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50.845339+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y","json":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LBDVEC6A"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LBDVEC6A","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=quant-ph/0102140&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/LBDVEC6ABTDY5W7CGP73BOFN2Y/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028362+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:05.028362+00:00"}