{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN","short_pith_number":"pith:LBUCHHNP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.06897","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-06-18T19:23:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d98cd231b0d236cacef56c67f54fc05b0ad105356f7a80c7256e41636562336f","abstract_canon_sha256":"fca2313f8e7888db34453e32460078c810d5e1d90044c060c8df819e5e4fd865"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5868239daf5c616829acdc3bb4eb517b6dae41ce8417a924b5ace07ef1598270","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1806.06897","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.06897","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.06897v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.06897","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LBUCHHNPLRQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LBUCHHNP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.06897","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-06-18T19:23:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d98cd231b0d236cacef56c67f54fc05b0ad105356f7a80c7256e41636562336f","abstract_canon_sha256":"fca2313f8e7888db34453e32460078c810d5e1d90044c060c8df819e5e4fd865"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5868239daf5c616829acdc3bb4eb517b6dae41ce8417a924b5ace07ef1598270","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48.633492Z","signature_b64":"cS4RU0Qk/9ljN6I9oKg2GRBv+a598Fjex1HDf/mljZ9eMOU32stNB0GDUVrKLi+wGcRUSpsdtbEfmfWDbD8tBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5868239daf5c616829acdc3bb4eb517b6dae41ce8417a924b5ace07ef1598270","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48.632808Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48.632808Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1806.06897","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NDi+R3bwTmdDY+bbcKRNeohQ5GD0P+PjZrTUWTnuKBp9fTP4AljdJOiMveP7uzH7JPY0mthRf5yZ5IyhswSzAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T15:25:11.952998Z"},"content_sha256":"d8bac3fe1c14e25da2b187fa6454e7c1e0ced3dd8a5cb67af6d1aa4b04c98955","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d8bac3fe1c14e25da2b187fa6454e7c1e0ced3dd8a5cb67af6d1aa4b04c98955"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Upper Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets: Carbon Dioxide Cooling and the Earth's Thermospheric Evolution","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Colin P. Johnstone, Helmut Lammer, Kristina G. Kislyakova, Manuel G\\\"udel","submitted_at":"2018-06-18T19:23:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context: The thermal and chemical structures of the upper atmospheres of planets crucially influence losses to space and must be understood to constrain the effects of losses on atmospheric evolution.\n  Aims: We develop a 1D first-principles hydrodynamic atmosphere model that calculates atmospheric thermal and chemical structures for arbitrary planetary parameters, chemical compositions, and stellar inputs. We apply the model to study the reaction of the Earth's upper atmosphere to large changes in the CO$_2$ abundance and to changes in the input solar XUV field due to the Sun's activity evolu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.06897","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iDeG8v3kl3KJCU0+a9Ol3qSDuCiK7Z3tlly4h5zZutwXgx93C5rUH18A3L/8C0asU98k1XwarHS6EGL/DXqyDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T15:25:11.953382Z"},"content_sha256":"d21947c9865a65d33823e37903f3ff635036f33a930bee9adb38270ed1da0bfe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d21947c9865a65d33823e37903f3ff635036f33a930bee9adb38270ed1da0bfe"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T15:25:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM3Q53J22RPN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fca2313f8e7888db34453e32460078c810d5e1d90044c060c8df819e5e4fd865","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-06-18T19:23:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"d98cd231b0d236cacef56c67f54fc05b0ad105356f7a80c7256e41636562336f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.06897","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.06897","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.06897v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.06897","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LBUCHHNPLRQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LBUCHHNPLRQWQKNM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LBUCHHNP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d21947c9865a65d33823e37903f3ff635036f33a930bee9adb38270ed1da0bfe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context: The thermal and chemical structures of the upper atmospheres of planets crucially influence losses to space and must be understood to constrain the effects of losses on atmospheric evolution.\n  Aims: We develop a 1D first-principles hydrodynamic atmosphere model that calculates atmospheric thermal and chemical structures for arbitrary planetary parameters, chemical compositions, and stellar inputs. We apply the model to study the reaction of the Earth's upper atmosphere to large changes in the CO$_2$ abundance and to changes in the input solar XUV field due to the Sun's activity evolu","authors_text":"Colin P. Johnstone, Helmut Lammer, Kristina G. Kislyakova, Manuel G\\\"udel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-06-18T19:23:08Z","title":"The Upper Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets: Carbon Dioxide Cooling and the Earth's Thermospheric Evolution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.06897","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d8bac3fe1c14e25da2b187fa6454e7c1e0ced3dd8a5cb67af6d1aa4b04c98955","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fca2313f8e7888db34453e32460078c810d5e1d90044c060c8df819e5e4fd865","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2018-06-18T19:23:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"d98cd231b0d236cacef56c67f54fc05b0ad105356f7a80c7256e41636562336f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.06897","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5868239daf5c616829acdc3bb4eb517b6dae41ce8417a924b5ace07ef1598270","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5868239daf5c616829acdc3bb4eb517b6dae41ce8417a924b5ace07ef1598270","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48.632808Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48.632808Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cS4RU0Qk/9ljN6I9oKg2GRBv+a598Fjex1HDf/mljZ9eMOU32stNB0GDUVrKLi+wGcRUSpsdtbEfmfWDbD8tBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:48.633492Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1806.06897","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d8bac3fe1c14e25da2b187fa6454e7c1e0ced3dd8a5cb67af6d1aa4b04c98955","sha256:d21947c9865a65d33823e37903f3ff635036f33a930bee9adb38270ed1da0bfe"],"state_sha256":"cfecbfc5fbdd1e6f53fe71018f21064576210a92503e7c40298bf368f2cdb329"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JhDnj8VR9tY94G5D0EFs2+gbU4Kmyu/6X32AVbKkSy4j0/Arl4ioUWkP3qY4/nwuzlc0go/t4FJwo7gEAQegBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T15:25:11.955648Z","bundle_sha256":"8f50b091081da681e747e419074d20590189bcae4aa0fdba063b10bcafe59e3b"}}