{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6","short_pith_number":"pith:LBYFMHN7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.09757","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-06-24T07:22:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"eb42d8f2a7e345c8f4d5ca7dbf0677bb1dee2d4d513486ef60a3f074f7556ddd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f81eae5534712a0dabf17b722b1179e96ae090a159c1f5a3015e2f5c14adba67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5870561dbf360b9032f62c49d3470c379fec860969d6eebbb30db11e54994934","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.09757","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.09757","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.09757v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.09757","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LBYFMHN7GYFZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LBYFMHN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.09757","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-06-24T07:22:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"eb42d8f2a7e345c8f4d5ca7dbf0677bb1dee2d4d513486ef60a3f074f7556ddd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f81eae5534712a0dabf17b722b1179e96ae090a159c1f5a3015e2f5c14adba67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5870561dbf360b9032f62c49d3470c379fec860969d6eebbb30db11e54994934","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40.607642Z","signature_b64":"9/qYlh4BvlbyX4CiqgYbIZg3bKez6/t8F7QPPWN7z0OiwOj6PGLXTZwBjF1xnQ5yPWGjxIK9dnwPTTfDYn54CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5870561dbf360b9032f62c49d3470c379fec860969d6eebbb30db11e54994934","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40.607268Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40.607268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.09757","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4DHFunrVwVHodRUo03P5B17o3vsMVvAM7OU2Kt0JI+5cV+y8K+LI7tTzSQuO4Z/CDAQfkx7J9XxoZhN9ubI1Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T20:18:14.806889Z"},"content_sha256":"32f850c9717c0098e2aeb787aa25a20855b3ff60c5fe495a32783c06c9eac4a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:32f850c9717c0098e2aeb787aa25a20855b3ff60c5fe495a32783c06c9eac4a6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Identification and Estimation of Direct and Indirect Effects in A/B Tests through Causal Mediation Analysis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Liangjie Hong, Xuan Yin","submitted_at":"2019-06-24T07:22:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"E-commerce companies have a number of online products, such as organic search, sponsored search, and recommendation modules, to fulfill customer needs. Although each of these products provides a unique opportunity for users to interact with a portion of the overall inventory, they are all similar channels for users and compete for limited time and monetary budgets of users. To optimize users' overall experiences on an E-commerce platform, instead of understanding and improving different products separately, it is important to gain insights into the evidence that a change in one product would i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.09757","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1906.09757/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MPYFpfOzGhLMcrKlVUeONBPBd/va8n59YadmcLTzxEdsEu6Fi6tTpGv0JpyGu6KN0s3shhUyfa6DPlLpr1w1CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T20:18:14.807391Z"},"content_sha256":"1be852c5b3b4d0e4cae3122331ed3c99f686c80eea1e14a8271214aae984632c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1be852c5b3b4d0e4cae3122331ed3c99f686c80eea1e14a8271214aae984632c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T20:18:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXWFRE5GRYMG6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f81eae5534712a0dabf17b722b1179e96ae090a159c1f5a3015e2f5c14adba67","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-06-24T07:22:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"eb42d8f2a7e345c8f4d5ca7dbf0677bb1dee2d4d513486ef60a3f074f7556ddd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.09757","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.09757","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.09757v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.09757","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LBYFMHN7GYFZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LBYFMHN7GYFZAMXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LBYFMHN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1be852c5b3b4d0e4cae3122331ed3c99f686c80eea1e14a8271214aae984632c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1906.09757/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"E-commerce companies have a number of online products, such as organic search, sponsored search, and recommendation modules, to fulfill customer needs. Although each of these products provides a unique opportunity for users to interact with a portion of the overall inventory, they are all similar channels for users and compete for limited time and monetary budgets of users. To optimize users' overall experiences on an E-commerce platform, instead of understanding and improving different products separately, it is important to gain insights into the evidence that a change in one product would i","authors_text":"Liangjie Hong, Xuan Yin","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-06-24T07:22:30Z","title":"The Identification and Estimation of Direct and Indirect Effects in A/B Tests through Causal Mediation Analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.09757","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:32f850c9717c0098e2aeb787aa25a20855b3ff60c5fe495a32783c06c9eac4a6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f81eae5534712a0dabf17b722b1179e96ae090a159c1f5a3015e2f5c14adba67","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-06-24T07:22:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"eb42d8f2a7e345c8f4d5ca7dbf0677bb1dee2d4d513486ef60a3f074f7556ddd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.09757","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5870561dbf360b9032f62c49d3470c379fec860969d6eebbb30db11e54994934","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5870561dbf360b9032f62c49d3470c379fec860969d6eebbb30db11e54994934","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40.607268Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40.607268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9/qYlh4BvlbyX4CiqgYbIZg3bKez6/t8F7QPPWN7z0OiwOj6PGLXTZwBjF1xnQ5yPWGjxIK9dnwPTTfDYn54CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:11:40.607642Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.09757","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:32f850c9717c0098e2aeb787aa25a20855b3ff60c5fe495a32783c06c9eac4a6","sha256:1be852c5b3b4d0e4cae3122331ed3c99f686c80eea1e14a8271214aae984632c"],"state_sha256":"2d49cf6701aab8c7328d190b6d505daa67dd733e9d7ddc26c49fabccbb8f6fd3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9ohQTcQmSLTNfvCiV0l2Cuzit+DX6XyqXcr9G1BRwdOG9JyrIwsBYD68bz8gtKam+MZHXwRnwOVGCY1ssdRtAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T20:18:14.811434Z","bundle_sha256":"b59907ae3bc92ad24daa0a2590fdc7cecd3d03a7a2f17f7c085e12e2843bb33e"}}