{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO","short_pith_number":"pith:LCV44ZD3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.07327","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T18:01:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"a0ef5738c648b78fc735f86ae753ca341d6e31cbe43cb9070ffe0e800b6c86e2","abstract_canon_sha256":"225be0a5a1d67629e3176317b4260ceb8aba2d369c1d35036a31145887ccb55d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"58abce647bd06cf43d154478331cfc43bcef9abf2f9497af1ad32dd61ec8c6f7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.07327","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.07327","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.07327v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.07327","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LCV44ZD32BWP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LCV44ZD32BWPIPIV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LCV44ZD3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.07327","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T18:01:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"a0ef5738c648b78fc735f86ae753ca341d6e31cbe43cb9070ffe0e800b6c86e2","abstract_canon_sha256":"225be0a5a1d67629e3176317b4260ceb8aba2d369c1d35036a31145887ccb55d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"58abce647bd06cf43d154478331cfc43bcef9abf2f9497af1ad32dd61ec8c6f7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08.981289Z","signature_b64":"5lWxJIqPxPWRCcqh/LAhwstIiFEP6vT+QcYhYKuohpFETG7IFoA7REeR9+c6uO1nY9AAMqYTlj0U9jUfWyXwAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"58abce647bd06cf43d154478331cfc43bcef9abf2f9497af1ad32dd61ec8c6f7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08.980705Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08.980705Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.07327","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UPv1n02qG2X8KudNtkazxbR5xnng/v/u7DYMgwhmEJ1i8C071eq7TJ4FUB4XcTRmfAXjNNVm/GK4idoiAT86BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T05:12:13.522902Z"},"content_sha256":"d0a7fbe83ee11d0c0eba053e14d680496fc8dd98b234d3a0e7f9fbe792c745ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d0a7fbe83ee11d0c0eba053e14d680496fc8dd98b234d3a0e7f9fbe792c745ea"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignment","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Abdullah Barhoum, Alexander Mattick, Andreas K\\\"opf, Andrew Maguire, Arnav Dantuluri, Christoph Schuhmann, David Glushkov, Dimitri von R\\\"utte, Huu Nguyen, Keith Stevens, Nguyen Minh Duc, Oliver Stanley, Rich\\'ard Nagyfi, Sameer Suri, Shahul Es, Sotiris Anagnostidis, Yannic Kilcher, Zhi-Rui Tam","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T18:01:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) greatly reduce the required skill and domain knowledge to effectively harness the capabilities of LLMs, increasing their accessibility and utility across various domains. However, state-of-the-art alignment techniques like RLHF rely on high-quality human feedback data, which is expensive to create and often remains propriet"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.07327","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.07327/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nCZuu4AXb/KofaRjmp7vDeLoAoGh3av8IfT/GYKakpvlsf2HoI5/670Q26FnNKgVCP8PekXYFOoZuUx8SdY5CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T05:12:13.523283Z"},"content_sha256":"e247be3de5b803e8b546080d5f0975008ef9af43f4d5edfb49125d8a1a36f9c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e247be3de5b803e8b546080d5f0975008ef9af43f4d5edfb49125d8a1a36f9c1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-10T05:12:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LCV44ZD32BWPIPIVIR4DGHH4IO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"225be0a5a1d67629e3176317b4260ceb8aba2d369c1d35036a31145887ccb55d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T18:01:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"a0ef5738c648b78fc735f86ae753ca341d6e31cbe43cb9070ffe0e800b6c86e2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.07327","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.07327","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.07327v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.07327","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LCV44ZD32BWP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LCV44ZD32BWPIPIV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LCV44ZD3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e247be3de5b803e8b546080d5f0975008ef9af43f4d5edfb49125d8a1a36f9c1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.07327/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) greatly reduce the required skill and domain knowledge to effectively harness the capabilities of LLMs, increasing their accessibility and utility across various domains. However, state-of-the-art alignment techniques like RLHF rely on high-quality human feedback data, which is expensive to create and often remains propriet","authors_text":"Abdullah Barhoum, Alexander Mattick, Andreas K\\\"opf, Andrew Maguire, Arnav Dantuluri, Christoph Schuhmann, David Glushkov, Dimitri von R\\\"utte, Huu Nguyen, Keith Stevens, Nguyen Minh Duc, Oliver Stanley, Rich\\'ard Nagyfi, Sameer Suri, Shahul Es, Sotiris Anagnostidis, Yannic Kilcher, Zhi-Rui Tam","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T18:01:29Z","title":"OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.07327","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d0a7fbe83ee11d0c0eba053e14d680496fc8dd98b234d3a0e7f9fbe792c745ea","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"225be0a5a1d67629e3176317b4260ceb8aba2d369c1d35036a31145887ccb55d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T18:01:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"a0ef5738c648b78fc735f86ae753ca341d6e31cbe43cb9070ffe0e800b6c86e2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.07327","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"58abce647bd06cf43d154478331cfc43bcef9abf2f9497af1ad32dd61ec8c6f7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"58abce647bd06cf43d154478331cfc43bcef9abf2f9497af1ad32dd61ec8c6f7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08.980705Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08.980705Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5lWxJIqPxPWRCcqh/LAhwstIiFEP6vT+QcYhYKuohpFETG7IFoA7REeR9+c6uO1nY9AAMqYTlj0U9jUfWyXwAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:07:08.981289Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.07327","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d0a7fbe83ee11d0c0eba053e14d680496fc8dd98b234d3a0e7f9fbe792c745ea","sha256:e247be3de5b803e8b546080d5f0975008ef9af43f4d5edfb49125d8a1a36f9c1"],"state_sha256":"d524260f91bec27b9d2fd491dae7eeab56dc599138617242e4987c0b89f34b27"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xucKqeum41k4+3cmGpOtBtfCDeUGXrg7b22j77l1F7lJM66N1LfqYNqnveTyF2/8nkNn//cL4np9R2n5gAHKCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T05:12:13.525187Z","bundle_sha256":"f8601f4bdd4ad34a7f8ac764d399c0c56da9c55a9455dc0bbd85ea5aeec1fbaa"}}