{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG","short_pith_number":"pith:LG7N2R23","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.00291","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2017-12-01T12:35:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d5b920296fc0e3d774d334b6f304cfebc9a2da1309fe058e831e34fc8a192d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"f936fe01d4b1f05f466cb0e4708264bec7b271bbfe737599ae7f7f7751f3b0f8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"59bedd475b865f65e754dbeddd137e598fdb8cd4ac1357c2d6852cd293c5dbbc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1712.00291","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.00291","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.00291v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.00291","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LG7N2R23QZPW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LG7N2R23","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.00291","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2017-12-01T12:35:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d5b920296fc0e3d774d334b6f304cfebc9a2da1309fe058e831e34fc8a192d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"f936fe01d4b1f05f466cb0e4708264bec7b271bbfe737599ae7f7f7751f3b0f8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"59bedd475b865f65e754dbeddd137e598fdb8cd4ac1357c2d6852cd293c5dbbc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13.693927Z","signature_b64":"PPX1sMQNk4I3z2W0RAWdqHe2HCdAB0147SZR8DQ1WYOJEBBoMeNgEYn1mOjC45yVt97ZZ6ETRCyhqgEvHs3pCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"59bedd475b865f65e754dbeddd137e598fdb8cd4ac1357c2d6852cd293c5dbbc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13.693278Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13.693278Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1712.00291","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KmB3EUNLQJTsbuD9akAk26ajn7qvNm2om2LWA6nxW8ORLMMJP1hyXdtAGyTWYkSCN3lYcVFn+/Y1MlhFUUijCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T08:06:06.076332Z"},"content_sha256":"27195fa726b4d1f232f49f6997ad3f8bf397043f02e5f788f0014cbb1cff49ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:27195fa726b4d1f232f49f6997ad3f8bf397043f02e5f788f0014cbb1cff49ea"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electric current induced unidirectional propagation of surface plasmon-polaritons","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"A. Y. Bekshaev, F. J. Rodr\\'iguez-Fortu\\~no, F. Nori, K. Y. Bliokh, Y. S. Kivshar","submitted_at":"2017-12-01T12:35:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Nonreciprocity and one-way propagation of optical signals is crucial for modern nanophotonic technology, and is typically achieved using magneto-optical effects requiring large magnetic biases. Here we suggest a fundamentally novel approach to achieve unidirectional propagation of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) at metal-dielectric interfaces. We employ a direct electric current in metals, which produces a Doppler frequency shift of SPPs due to the uniform drift of electrons. This tilts the SPP dispersion, enabling one-way propagation, as well as zero and negative group velocities. The resul"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.00291","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7t0sa1w5wZDpm/z24M+f2amO7uw87dHeR3diivx3a6tHpHDN5vcA/8SSvV0edFDRd0PO/rqcVbj+VpCZg3ApCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T08:06:06.076939Z"},"content_sha256":"2d167d9ed43faa0e325f745d733f2abab52a6eaa967743cdf83f51ce2f17ff6a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2d167d9ed43faa0e325f745d733f2abab52a6eaa967743cdf83f51ce2f17ff6a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T08:06:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U3PW52E36LG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f936fe01d4b1f05f466cb0e4708264bec7b271bbfe737599ae7f7f7751f3b0f8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2017-12-01T12:35:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d5b920296fc0e3d774d334b6f304cfebc9a2da1309fe058e831e34fc8a192d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.00291","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.00291","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.00291v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.00291","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LG7N2R23QZPW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LG7N2R23QZPWLZ2U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LG7N2R23","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2d167d9ed43faa0e325f745d733f2abab52a6eaa967743cdf83f51ce2f17ff6a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Nonreciprocity and one-way propagation of optical signals is crucial for modern nanophotonic technology, and is typically achieved using magneto-optical effects requiring large magnetic biases. Here we suggest a fundamentally novel approach to achieve unidirectional propagation of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) at metal-dielectric interfaces. We employ a direct electric current in metals, which produces a Doppler frequency shift of SPPs due to the uniform drift of electrons. This tilts the SPP dispersion, enabling one-way propagation, as well as zero and negative group velocities. The resul","authors_text":"A. Y. Bekshaev, F. J. Rodr\\'iguez-Fortu\\~no, F. Nori, K. Y. Bliokh, Y. S. Kivshar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2017-12-01T12:35:59Z","title":"Electric current induced unidirectional propagation of surface plasmon-polaritons"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.00291","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:27195fa726b4d1f232f49f6997ad3f8bf397043f02e5f788f0014cbb1cff49ea","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f936fe01d4b1f05f466cb0e4708264bec7b271bbfe737599ae7f7f7751f3b0f8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2017-12-01T12:35:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d5b920296fc0e3d774d334b6f304cfebc9a2da1309fe058e831e34fc8a192d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.00291","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"59bedd475b865f65e754dbeddd137e598fdb8cd4ac1357c2d6852cd293c5dbbc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"59bedd475b865f65e754dbeddd137e598fdb8cd4ac1357c2d6852cd293c5dbbc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13.693278Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13.693278Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PPX1sMQNk4I3z2W0RAWdqHe2HCdAB0147SZR8DQ1WYOJEBBoMeNgEYn1mOjC45yVt97ZZ6ETRCyhqgEvHs3pCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:13.693927Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1712.00291","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:27195fa726b4d1f232f49f6997ad3f8bf397043f02e5f788f0014cbb1cff49ea","sha256:2d167d9ed43faa0e325f745d733f2abab52a6eaa967743cdf83f51ce2f17ff6a"],"state_sha256":"e5fa470f65df930a59ed5220ef801a3a7fd4272632acc40113accc8dbfea9add"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o/vTcy3MePhWxPleLSDZi29tZTLzO3bR9Q8izMVmklyWvQ/iKt0svQTpsVvpVnD3IX4QK1A01sAGruA84+l3Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T08:06:06.080454Z","bundle_sha256":"eab8755b63387fd997a852bb045ea3933bf7d00b08e693a997e8c0eaf8373ae6"}}