{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH","short_pith_number":"pith:LGJAHYC7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2510.14365","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-10-16T06:59:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"28379077a30a53afb313015cc8c8bf3122fbec7062d3c83ec1d24efc5eeb67e9","abstract_canon_sha256":"1681b3ef873c7aa2ebc3f937ea9eef6f9e04c1103504b7d1724514cd2e29d64d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"599203e05f84403691edd2fe775131a1e924416f0e775d503bfac4ac2f716147","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2510.14365","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2510.14365","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2510.14365v4","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2510.14365","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LGJAHYC7QRAD","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LGJAHYC7","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2510.14365","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-10-16T06:59:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"28379077a30a53afb313015cc8c8bf3122fbec7062d3c83ec1d24efc5eeb67e9","abstract_canon_sha256":"1681b3ef873c7aa2ebc3f937ea9eef6f9e04c1103504b7d1724514cd2e29d64d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"599203e05f84403691edd2fe775131a1e924416f0e775d503bfac4ac2f716147","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56.940285Z","signature_b64":"dJmGR4WH2uiTJMo8OJmv2eDqD033LHo+Xu/pT6jL7Jaealr4k7FJ+UTmRpAW4i4+Y/nhe3V85VtiuIhrW/OpBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"599203e05f84403691edd2fe775131a1e924416f0e775d503bfac4ac2f716147","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56.939685Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56.939685Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2510.14365","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FqWleW5t/OeS4qJBlFTUzhk+bIfHp9qaTi4z2JDeM3YUQBPLSNVbzZpi1MHRqRpqhqFdDgcGQg9AGgTsU2fnDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T05:40:07.397510Z"},"content_sha256":"98b14c6bba0cd174e7bc80fd2706ace96dfe6d817ac86fece4a30062a35c094b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98b14c6bba0cd174e7bc80fd2706ace96dfe6d817ac86fece4a30062a35c094b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Understanding the Ability of LLMs to Handle Character-Level Perturbation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Anyuan Zhuo, Jingyi Zhu, Ningyuan Li, Pinyan Lu, Xuefei Ning, Yu Wang","submitted_at":"2025-10-16T06:59:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work investigates the resilience of contemporary large language models (LLMs) against frequent character-level perturbations. We examine three types of character-level perturbations including introducing numerous typos within words, shuffling the characters in each word, and inserting a large number of invisible characters into the text. Surprisingly, even under severe perturbation, such as shuffling nearly all words character-wise to produce text that is almost unreadable to humans, or inserting invisible characters which are several times more than the visible ones as noise, many LLMs s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2510.14365","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2510.14365/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X8qkY7lwff5n2zO+XZ6HBIFqNtJcJaZ0TbbazSv6OqSLJvXWnPj48Plx4Hsun4QvAdZKojBtx0p/dLI9YXGbDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T05:40:07.398226Z"},"content_sha256":"2dbfc4cc1df4cced99e2cc7e06a3f4cd20579dbd2285f41d3dad36397106de7f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2dbfc4cc1df4cced99e2cc7e06a3f4cd20579dbd2285f41d3dad36397106de7f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T05:40:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN2L7HOUJRUH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1681b3ef873c7aa2ebc3f937ea9eef6f9e04c1103504b7d1724514cd2e29d64d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-10-16T06:59:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"28379077a30a53afb313015cc8c8bf3122fbec7062d3c83ec1d24efc5eeb67e9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2510.14365","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2510.14365","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2510.14365v4","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2510.14365","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LGJAHYC7QRAD","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LGJAHYC7QRADNEPN","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LGJAHYC7","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2dbfc4cc1df4cced99e2cc7e06a3f4cd20579dbd2285f41d3dad36397106de7f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2510.14365/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This work investigates the resilience of contemporary large language models (LLMs) against frequent character-level perturbations. We examine three types of character-level perturbations including introducing numerous typos within words, shuffling the characters in each word, and inserting a large number of invisible characters into the text. Surprisingly, even under severe perturbation, such as shuffling nearly all words character-wise to produce text that is almost unreadable to humans, or inserting invisible characters which are several times more than the visible ones as noise, many LLMs s","authors_text":"Anyuan Zhuo, Jingyi Zhu, Ningyuan Li, Pinyan Lu, Xuefei Ning, Yu Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-10-16T06:59:58Z","title":"Understanding the Ability of LLMs to Handle Character-Level Perturbation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2510.14365","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:98b14c6bba0cd174e7bc80fd2706ace96dfe6d817ac86fece4a30062a35c094b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1681b3ef873c7aa2ebc3f937ea9eef6f9e04c1103504b7d1724514cd2e29d64d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-10-16T06:59:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"28379077a30a53afb313015cc8c8bf3122fbec7062d3c83ec1d24efc5eeb67e9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2510.14365","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"599203e05f84403691edd2fe775131a1e924416f0e775d503bfac4ac2f716147","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"599203e05f84403691edd2fe775131a1e924416f0e775d503bfac4ac2f716147","first_computed_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56.939685Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56.939685Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dJmGR4WH2uiTJMo8OJmv2eDqD033LHo+Xu/pT6jL7Jaealr4k7FJ+UTmRpAW4i4+Y/nhe3V85VtiuIhrW/OpBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-29T01:04:56.940285Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2510.14365","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:98b14c6bba0cd174e7bc80fd2706ace96dfe6d817ac86fece4a30062a35c094b","sha256:2dbfc4cc1df4cced99e2cc7e06a3f4cd20579dbd2285f41d3dad36397106de7f"],"state_sha256":"a53d9f2908aec438ac86a267c235a1dc566742c17dc8ae80a397af7f4ed920cf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"agkZ8jlwVdAUo5ZC49RRL/SnDALHHF6GXMDQqm7TBGR3LcEjS4IxurVfoWPZw55PHEV3IPJT9khfm48Xrx8KAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T05:40:07.401874Z","bundle_sha256":"e423766e298ac8e680a590fcd306f836217d639d65246dfe09109e48006a1400"}}