{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB","short_pith_number":"pith:LGXRNYVA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.14862","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T17:34:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e60414f53a203421baf72dcc1d8ff37ecdb65b788b06bdd513cfb63b3d1b68f","abstract_canon_sha256":"a1750e6aac5a7e7f931afb2572f6f606ab281c97d816c8a0f9ab141b85d966cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"59af16e2a058c5856b6b252d5054ff1857325046768bc5d89f895bd09f13c599","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.14862","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.14862","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.14862v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.14862","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LGXRNYVALDCY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LGXRNYVALDCYK23L","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LGXRNYVA","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.14862","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T17:34:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e60414f53a203421baf72dcc1d8ff37ecdb65b788b06bdd513cfb63b3d1b68f","abstract_canon_sha256":"a1750e6aac5a7e7f931afb2572f6f606ab281c97d816c8a0f9ab141b85d966cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"59af16e2a058c5856b6b252d5054ff1857325046768bc5d89f895bd09f13c599","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21.107545Z","signature_b64":"Gh1m4yC3ZVTM8suZLRp2+wJ2QOAsZeMTic/vjO4J+gV5p3MLQV8I0ONXgwvxoUxIvhceS/uvdnS6istzn9/uDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"59af16e2a058c5856b6b252d5054ff1857325046768bc5d89f895bd09f13c599","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21.107044Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21.107044Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.14862","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QyNrUuUD3y7MBSY46pJnf8GrBnXkRjyD+gkg53J8B3/TlzqTsWz+vkwljknktdFe54mUb+vGL2MDM2dxFN27Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T20:21:17.385416Z"},"content_sha256":"04ca25f8ac426f61932542be24708dd9ffd61d3f196bbceb1a5c870643b11b3b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:04ca25f8ac426f61932542be24708dd9ffd61d3f196bbceb1a5c870643b11b3b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"YAYI 2: Multilingual Open-Source Large Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Bao Hao, Baoyu Qu, Bo Chen, Chao Zhu, Chenyang Zhao, Dajun Zeng, Donglei Zhang, Fan Feng, Feifei Zhao, Hailong Sun, Hanxuan Yang, Haojun Pan, Hongyu Liu, Jia Cao, Jianbin Guo, Jiangtao Du, Jingyi Wang, Junfeng Li, Lei Sun, Lei Wang, Liduo Liu, Lifeng Dong, Lili Liu, Lin Wang, Liwen Zhang, Minzheng Wang, Nan Xu, Ping Yu, Pin Wang, Qingchao Kong, Qingxiao Li, Ruiqun Li, Rui Yan, Rui Zou, Taiwen Huang, Wenji Mao, Xiaodong Wang, Xiaofei Wu, Xina Zhang, Xing Fang, Xinglin Xiao, Xin Peng, Yanni Hao, Yao Dong, Yigang Wang, Ying Liu, Yin Luo, Yongyu Jiang, Yungan Wang, Yuqi Wang, Zhangsheng Wang, Zhaoxin Yu, Zhen Luo","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T17:34:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"As the latest advancements in natural language processing, large language models (LLMs) have achieved human-level language understanding and generation abilities in many real-world tasks, and even have been regarded as a potential path to the artificial general intelligence. To better facilitate research on LLMs, many open-source LLMs, such as Llama 2 and Falcon, have recently been proposed and gained comparable performances to proprietary models. However, these models are primarily designed for English scenarios and exhibit poor performances in Chinese contexts. In this technical report, we p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.14862","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.14862/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vtf3HTOFWD4M0Uvo44L6ZKoIavJRCox9j9Du1ENBjhOLlkpoIqvKu1jaj58tahB/8hfSbpe23RMNachPQQN/Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T20:21:17.385799Z"},"content_sha256":"3a70080c111fecba8589793d608f7ec89ea34f24208b7cf3f5dc11724ed894a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3a70080c111fecba8589793d608f7ec89ea34f24208b7cf3f5dc11724ed894a9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-10T20:21:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LGXRNYVALDCYK23LEUWVAVH7DB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a1750e6aac5a7e7f931afb2572f6f606ab281c97d816c8a0f9ab141b85d966cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T17:34:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e60414f53a203421baf72dcc1d8ff37ecdb65b788b06bdd513cfb63b3d1b68f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.14862","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.14862","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.14862v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.14862","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LGXRNYVALDCY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LGXRNYVALDCYK23L","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LGXRNYVA","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3a70080c111fecba8589793d608f7ec89ea34f24208b7cf3f5dc11724ed894a9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.14862/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As the latest advancements in natural language processing, large language models (LLMs) have achieved human-level language understanding and generation abilities in many real-world tasks, and even have been regarded as a potential path to the artificial general intelligence. To better facilitate research on LLMs, many open-source LLMs, such as Llama 2 and Falcon, have recently been proposed and gained comparable performances to proprietary models. However, these models are primarily designed for English scenarios and exhibit poor performances in Chinese contexts. In this technical report, we p","authors_text":"Bao Hao, Baoyu Qu, Bo Chen, Chao Zhu, Chenyang Zhao, Dajun Zeng, Donglei Zhang, Fan Feng, Feifei Zhao, Hailong Sun, Hanxuan Yang, Haojun Pan, Hongyu Liu, Jia Cao, Jianbin Guo, Jiangtao Du, Jingyi Wang, Junfeng Li, Lei Sun, Lei Wang, Liduo Liu, Lifeng Dong, Lili Liu, Lin Wang, Liwen Zhang, Minzheng Wang, Nan Xu, Ping Yu, Pin Wang, Qingchao Kong, Qingxiao Li, Ruiqun Li, Rui Yan, Rui Zou, Taiwen Huang, Wenji Mao, Xiaodong Wang, Xiaofei Wu, Xina Zhang, Xing Fang, Xinglin Xiao, Xin Peng, Yanni Hao, Yao Dong, Yigang Wang, Ying Liu, Yin Luo, Yongyu Jiang, Yungan Wang, Yuqi Wang, Zhangsheng Wang, Zhaoxin Yu, Zhen Luo","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T17:34:47Z","title":"YAYI 2: Multilingual Open-Source Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.14862","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:04ca25f8ac426f61932542be24708dd9ffd61d3f196bbceb1a5c870643b11b3b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a1750e6aac5a7e7f931afb2572f6f606ab281c97d816c8a0f9ab141b85d966cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T17:34:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e60414f53a203421baf72dcc1d8ff37ecdb65b788b06bdd513cfb63b3d1b68f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.14862","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"59af16e2a058c5856b6b252d5054ff1857325046768bc5d89f895bd09f13c599","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"59af16e2a058c5856b6b252d5054ff1857325046768bc5d89f895bd09f13c599","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21.107044Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21.107044Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Gh1m4yC3ZVTM8suZLRp2+wJ2QOAsZeMTic/vjO4J+gV5p3MLQV8I0ONXgwvxoUxIvhceS/uvdnS6istzn9/uDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:21.107545Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.14862","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:04ca25f8ac426f61932542be24708dd9ffd61d3f196bbceb1a5c870643b11b3b","sha256:3a70080c111fecba8589793d608f7ec89ea34f24208b7cf3f5dc11724ed894a9"],"state_sha256":"80dc3cccc4ec29b8806010cb5b5abb174017c387f75bde53e1e85071b3586d78"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i1OLY3IioTaQR1CjRGoiXolo8axsgT9IFIyhnTkmhkZ/jM8fWVGwTPRyT6OMb7N5x6EuN3prJ2BF2BWV2J6+CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T20:21:17.388197Z","bundle_sha256":"40f66e8cadb0f2a475b197ca0dd136ccc085f1421fb800a0c6fc8d0f9d6ed7d8"}}