{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA","short_pith_number":"pith:LH6JKB3M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.02543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-06T09:37:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"13e2a8554901a3f4a3c4a5f510eb8c8179b27c4b333962775f7a77dba9743efc","abstract_canon_sha256":"8a0b601f8928ca3be6cc38373193e3222ad00940cff177cc471fb489e3d79866"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"59fc95076c8b285722577407766f32c83db8dc4cb9fddd5da2877afeca2d44cb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.02543","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.02543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.02543v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.02543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LH6JKB3MRMUF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LH6JKB3MRMUFOISX","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LH6JKB3M","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.02543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-06T09:37:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"13e2a8554901a3f4a3c4a5f510eb8c8179b27c4b333962775f7a77dba9743efc","abstract_canon_sha256":"8a0b601f8928ca3be6cc38373193e3222ad00940cff177cc471fb489e3d79866"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"59fc95076c8b285722577407766f32c83db8dc4cb9fddd5da2877afeca2d44cb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02.245057Z","signature_b64":"FOUdcDi7n749IO2TUfJtE95umWNfsHzSNNE3xxlvMoXqGqBza2mzciQTf6Ba1GC3eOkWd4vmD+I8unshP8ldAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"59fc95076c8b285722577407766f32c83db8dc4cb9fddd5da2877afeca2d44cb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02.244599Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02.244599Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.02543","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iaZRR6mM2ygxiMswYqYpW8Wkg0rjmwyS7RGB/qtkLUosOE7zRCSmF3lujbBioLASq1KRYvh3eFULh3gwCjWrCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T13:16:04.188219Z"},"content_sha256":"a5c3881192a1b24d3d9f966596fd744c3b7a322c68c0068842cc5ee245cb5a06","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5c3881192a1b24d3d9f966596fd744c3b7a322c68c0068842cc5ee245cb5a06"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bayesian Active Learning by Disagreements: A Geometric Perspective","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ivor W. Tsang, Xiaofeng Cao","submitted_at":"2021-05-06T09:37:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present geometric Bayesian active learning by disagreements (GBALD), a framework that performs BALD on its core-set construction interacting with model uncertainty estimation. Technically, GBALD constructs core-set on ellipsoid, not typical sphere, preventing low-representative elements from spherical boundaries. The improvements are twofold: 1) relieve uninformative prior and 2) reduce redundant estimations. Theoretically, geodesic search with ellipsoid can derive tighter lower bound on error and easier to achieve zero error than with sphere. Experiments show that GBALD has slight perturba"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.02543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.02543/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"y7sZjyi8eFldQlA3ai09W2+vSdprk0pN/C0IlC5ggd7I9ox1Z5LLKOYNaTDbpxlYH73Q84VVHdbkWpNaCO4JBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T13:16:04.188728Z"},"content_sha256":"caf86385a1ab42479de013ff7e2753fb2da0c4d12f1bba479988cc0c6031f439","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:caf86385a1ab42479de013ff7e2753fb2da0c4d12f1bba479988cc0c6031f439"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T13:16:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:LH6JKB3MRMUFOISXOQDXM3ZSZA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8a0b601f8928ca3be6cc38373193e3222ad00940cff177cc471fb489e3d79866","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-06T09:37:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"13e2a8554901a3f4a3c4a5f510eb8c8179b27c4b333962775f7a77dba9743efc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.02543","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.02543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.02543v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.02543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LH6JKB3MRMUF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LH6JKB3MRMUFOISX","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LH6JKB3M","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:caf86385a1ab42479de013ff7e2753fb2da0c4d12f1bba479988cc0c6031f439","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.02543/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present geometric Bayesian active learning by disagreements (GBALD), a framework that performs BALD on its core-set construction interacting with model uncertainty estimation. Technically, GBALD constructs core-set on ellipsoid, not typical sphere, preventing low-representative elements from spherical boundaries. The improvements are twofold: 1) relieve uninformative prior and 2) reduce redundant estimations. Theoretically, geodesic search with ellipsoid can derive tighter lower bound on error and easier to achieve zero error than with sphere. Experiments show that GBALD has slight perturba","authors_text":"Ivor W. Tsang, Xiaofeng Cao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-06T09:37:59Z","title":"Bayesian Active Learning by Disagreements: A Geometric Perspective"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.02543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a5c3881192a1b24d3d9f966596fd744c3b7a322c68c0068842cc5ee245cb5a06","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8a0b601f8928ca3be6cc38373193e3222ad00940cff177cc471fb489e3d79866","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-06T09:37:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"13e2a8554901a3f4a3c4a5f510eb8c8179b27c4b333962775f7a77dba9743efc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.02543","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"59fc95076c8b285722577407766f32c83db8dc4cb9fddd5da2877afeca2d44cb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"59fc95076c8b285722577407766f32c83db8dc4cb9fddd5da2877afeca2d44cb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02.244599Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02.244599Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FOUdcDi7n749IO2TUfJtE95umWNfsHzSNNE3xxlvMoXqGqBza2mzciQTf6Ba1GC3eOkWd4vmD+I8unshP8ldAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:38:02.245057Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.02543","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a5c3881192a1b24d3d9f966596fd744c3b7a322c68c0068842cc5ee245cb5a06","sha256:caf86385a1ab42479de013ff7e2753fb2da0c4d12f1bba479988cc0c6031f439"],"state_sha256":"407ce1c2e2433970b7a5e5884e9e6e4d8d56df902c3605ae76c2d3fe6789265d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m5JeOIfwn+arLgDDox3TdzjaJ6WwIOWeoCdv64BQCGpTf0a/vIJvUMjEHgyUwbBciirgPPDhUJKz20PiQncBBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T13:16:04.194406Z","bundle_sha256":"7d8afe936cb10047fafb6be510b5e09efdc71bcf95884f613f1c4d6b3cee7c13"}}