{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG","short_pith_number":"pith:LHVJQ3NS","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"59ea986db265369a23f3b51b63b8ce51baf39e16e9ac5e47450cc6a4cd825ea7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.01691","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Noncovariance at low accelerations as a route to MOND","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.GA","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Mordehai Milgrom","submitted_at":"2019-08-05T15:26:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"MOND has limelighted the fact that Newtonian dynamics (ND) and general relativity (GR) have not been verified at accelerations below MOND's $a_0$. In particular, we do not know that all the principles underlying ND or GR apply below $a_0$. I discuss possible breakdown of general covariance (GC) in this limit. This resonates well with MOND, which hinges on accelerations. Relaxing GC affords more freedom in constructing MOND theories. I exemplify this with a simplified theory whose gravitational Lagrangian is $\\mathcal{L}_M\\propto \\ell_M^{-2}\\mathcal{F}(\\ell_M^{2}\\mathcal{R})$, where $\\mathcal{R"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.01691","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-08-05T15:26:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.GA","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"eef84f27fe81b772f6e99497ea6313f492d9a5eb7310a5dfa4dce4d9b681243d","abstract_canon_sha256":"2077e47102101559939f685de1ce72dac0b58506f9d98e31b261bd2f08c42ec6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050462Z","signature_b64":"jkLuOr/lfxklW+z807WPFC9to6aHghWKXwx7vHWSkaO5aeiUeT96GxY+gjNs3KcfPL9yzszTJWz1N0IcDKJ2Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"59ea986db265369a23f3b51b63b8ce51baf39e16e9ac5e47450cc6a4cd825ea7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050040Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Noncovariance at low accelerations as a route to MOND","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.GA","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Mordehai Milgrom","submitted_at":"2019-08-05T15:26:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"MOND has limelighted the fact that Newtonian dynamics (ND) and general relativity (GR) have not been verified at accelerations below MOND's $a_0$. In particular, we do not know that all the principles underlying ND or GR apply below $a_0$. I discuss possible breakdown of general covariance (GC) in this limit. This resonates well with MOND, which hinges on accelerations. Relaxing GC affords more freedom in constructing MOND theories. I exemplify this with a simplified theory whose gravitational Lagrangian is $\\mathcal{L}_M\\propto \\ell_M^{-2}\\mathcal{F}(\\ell_M^{2}\\mathcal{R})$, where $\\mathcal{R"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.01691","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.01691/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.01691","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.01691v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.01691","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LHVJQ3NSMU3J","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7T","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LHVJQ3NS","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2505.03527","citing_title":"Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars in Aether Scalar-Tensor Theory","ref_index":36,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG","json":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LHVJQ3NS"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LHVJQ3NS","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1908.01691&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/LHVJQ3NSMU3JUI7TWUNWHOGOKG/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T00:13:16.050096+00:00"}