{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK","short_pith_number":"pith:LJ7BGDZT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.13242","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T02:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"bc81b922aefca460efc7fc8b2446ee2ddf6191f4dada616e3532d4f0a4ea8523","abstract_canon_sha256":"1de6178bbca87b1811ef68860e77d904ff8532297b0d964f9a60f16b385a96ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5a7e130f3326fcc3fb38f8f6a329195ab40043e4440da45170702d9ab77ec6cb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.13242","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.13242","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.13242v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.13242","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LJ7BGDZTE36M","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LJ7BGDZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.13242","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T02:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"bc81b922aefca460efc7fc8b2446ee2ddf6191f4dada616e3532d4f0a4ea8523","abstract_canon_sha256":"1de6178bbca87b1811ef68860e77d904ff8532297b0d964f9a60f16b385a96ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5a7e130f3326fcc3fb38f8f6a329195ab40043e4440da45170702d9ab77ec6cb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58.337805Z","signature_b64":"rXTpsrUs2SA2F5CJ83MzGodID1v7g/fUg7Ba1mJZ7MZjHk1hgQolkBr+87+REGFDqNanX+0/h8QM293JoL4PDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5a7e130f3326fcc3fb38f8f6a329195ab40043e4440da45170702d9ab77ec6cb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58.337365Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58.337365Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.13242","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jfciry7kkW4HUlKdnQCBpLB5eU1V4a37GO2/7qHOfBlFz7OGqfpNEo6DoVVUIKRVgxIAvDjctsvH4XzeUXcdAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T22:34:16.910625Z"},"content_sha256":"143df026ab0c221833e812aca7530cedc6be78bb578bc4f3c0bd9fee5d5af020","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:143df026ab0c221833e812aca7530cedc6be78bb578bc4f3c0bd9fee5d5af020"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient Black-Box Planning Using Macro-Actions with Focused Effects","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Cameron Allen, George Konidaris, Gerald Tesauro, Matthew Riemer, Michael Katz, Tim Klinger","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T02:13:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"The difficulty of deterministic planning increases exponentially with search-tree depth. Black-box planning presents an even greater challenge, since planners must operate without an explicit model of the domain. Heuristics can make search more efficient, but goal-aware heuristics for black-box planning usually rely on goal counting, which is often quite uninformative. In this work, we show how to overcome this limitation by discovering macro-actions that make the goal-count heuristic more accurate. Our approach searches for macro-actions with focused effects (i.e. macros that modify only a sm"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.13242","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.13242/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EKFYDchomPBBhbBLulTW2ffEG7MYxWN2fPgOgVlM6NmKoV0MC+eFODaVw1hqGw546vgJimykDPa31NrMLfBLDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T22:34:16.911150Z"},"content_sha256":"00d0447df212f8a2823f496b33a9742f7c039aac95c269b442ab026fbdde41f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:00d0447df212f8a2823f496b33a9742f7c039aac95c269b442ab026fbdde41f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T22:34:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY7D3KGKIZLK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1de6178bbca87b1811ef68860e77d904ff8532297b0d964f9a60f16b385a96ca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T02:13:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc81b922aefca460efc7fc8b2446ee2ddf6191f4dada616e3532d4f0a4ea8523"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.13242","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.13242","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.13242v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.13242","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LJ7BGDZTE36M","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LJ7BGDZTE36MH6ZY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LJ7BGDZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:00d0447df212f8a2823f496b33a9742f7c039aac95c269b442ab026fbdde41f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.13242/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The difficulty of deterministic planning increases exponentially with search-tree depth. Black-box planning presents an even greater challenge, since planners must operate without an explicit model of the domain. Heuristics can make search more efficient, but goal-aware heuristics for black-box planning usually rely on goal counting, which is often quite uninformative. In this work, we show how to overcome this limitation by discovering macro-actions that make the goal-count heuristic more accurate. Our approach searches for macro-actions with focused effects (i.e. macros that modify only a sm","authors_text":"Cameron Allen, George Konidaris, Gerald Tesauro, Matthew Riemer, Michael Katz, Tim Klinger","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T02:13:12Z","title":"Efficient Black-Box Planning Using Macro-Actions with Focused Effects"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.13242","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:143df026ab0c221833e812aca7530cedc6be78bb578bc4f3c0bd9fee5d5af020","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1de6178bbca87b1811ef68860e77d904ff8532297b0d964f9a60f16b385a96ca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T02:13:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc81b922aefca460efc7fc8b2446ee2ddf6191f4dada616e3532d4f0a4ea8523"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.13242","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"5a7e130f3326fcc3fb38f8f6a329195ab40043e4440da45170702d9ab77ec6cb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5a7e130f3326fcc3fb38f8f6a329195ab40043e4440da45170702d9ab77ec6cb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58.337365Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58.337365Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rXTpsrUs2SA2F5CJ83MzGodID1v7g/fUg7Ba1mJZ7MZjHk1hgQolkBr+87+REGFDqNanX+0/h8QM293JoL4PDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:58.337805Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.13242","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:143df026ab0c221833e812aca7530cedc6be78bb578bc4f3c0bd9fee5d5af020","sha256:00d0447df212f8a2823f496b33a9742f7c039aac95c269b442ab026fbdde41f5"],"state_sha256":"465dfcba8e5eee9caa2735d2044df272441e576a5b43502ed79f7f8647ad667c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ap+LK9g1+clkw+r4699sWEARtJSH7TzePTEqD+Q7krx8MZqEKPsID3wFXdi7N88yovfDy+6w+R+/fnMz7cyDBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T22:34:16.916502Z","bundle_sha256":"8775c0ed437a055974a32f66d831dc10cc60c5a7f8d5d704bbab3c3778a64897"}}