{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX","short_pith_number":"pith:LJVEQTA3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-01T22:18:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3b97c814e9e11438163c2fcd342c283187a84ccf926bb873436dead433557820","abstract_canon_sha256":"316f3f8d3d8783b90d32b297b6eef13d2888f65f4db5471e436c714d4dfdfff4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5a6a484c1b4d0d63e222b1ebdd1f89a5c37739cef6293587955cf896856870b4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.00425","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.00425","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.00425v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.00425","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LJVEQTA3JUGW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LJVEQTA3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-01T22:18:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3b97c814e9e11438163c2fcd342c283187a84ccf926bb873436dead433557820","abstract_canon_sha256":"316f3f8d3d8783b90d32b297b6eef13d2888f65f4db5471e436c714d4dfdfff4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5a6a484c1b4d0d63e222b1ebdd1f89a5c37739cef6293587955cf896856870b4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41.898018Z","signature_b64":"Mii3KyY8IP4Q1+xFRq4MCi3VNXRJs8Ok8cunWl9nLpCLo1WGz8z5V/fiZRfTOo/msuXsdZJQ82BSYmYE7x/qAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5a6a484c1b4d0d63e222b1ebdd1f89a5c37739cef6293587955cf896856870b4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41.897464Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41.897464Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.00425","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WM8S+OqwBxhmbAZYdlSBx4Mw4f35sAOQLrwgzP34WzxD9Zo14oGauE7+Z/Zo3HRgWMp3s6g3MFt1k3fkqLaNBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T09:49:00.904398Z"},"content_sha256":"1ddac40bd8bb4c9e8363b6109557d122b5d8dd84914978a9eb7686c34d980c60","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1ddac40bd8bb4c9e8363b6109557d122b5d8dd84914978a9eb7686c34d980c60"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cross-lingual Models of Word Embeddings: An Empirical Comparison","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chris Dyer, Dan Roth, Manaal Faruqui, Shyam Upadhyay","submitted_at":"2016-04-01T22:18:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of inducing cross-lingual embeddings, each requiring a different form of supervision, on four typographically different language pairs. Our evaluation setup spans four different tasks, including intrinsic evaluation on mono-lingual and cross-lingual similarity, and extrinsic evaluation on downstream semantic and syntactic applications. We show that models which"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h6k+J/gVtegj5jHnpHi8eShjpImhLrsGfgg7aV6aZjSsSPxsW8vbRIGS/A5yakUcdKfv37N60txyiN1UJgjJCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T09:49:00.905059Z"},"content_sha256":"a5d95b82d1372e88b4e3373cfba35ed5a8fa36148f39e72f80d3bdfbd9562ee3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5d95b82d1372e88b4e3373cfba35ed5a8fa36148f39e72f80d3bdfbd9562ee3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T09:49:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRCWHV52H4JUX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"316f3f8d3d8783b90d32b297b6eef13d2888f65f4db5471e436c714d4dfdfff4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-01T22:18:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b97c814e9e11438163c2fcd342c283187a84ccf926bb873436dead433557820"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.00425","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.00425v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.00425","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LJVEQTA3JUGW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LJVEQTA3JUGWHYRC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LJVEQTA3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a5d95b82d1372e88b4e3373cfba35ed5a8fa36148f39e72f80d3bdfbd9562ee3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of inducing cross-lingual embeddings, each requiring a different form of supervision, on four typographically different language pairs. Our evaluation setup spans four different tasks, including intrinsic evaluation on mono-lingual and cross-lingual similarity, and extrinsic evaluation on downstream semantic and syntactic applications. We show that models which","authors_text":"Chris Dyer, Dan Roth, Manaal Faruqui, Shyam Upadhyay","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-01T22:18:51Z","title":"Cross-lingual Models of Word Embeddings: An Empirical Comparison"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1ddac40bd8bb4c9e8363b6109557d122b5d8dd84914978a9eb7686c34d980c60","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"316f3f8d3d8783b90d32b297b6eef13d2888f65f4db5471e436c714d4dfdfff4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-01T22:18:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b97c814e9e11438163c2fcd342c283187a84ccf926bb873436dead433557820"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5a6a484c1b4d0d63e222b1ebdd1f89a5c37739cef6293587955cf896856870b4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5a6a484c1b4d0d63e222b1ebdd1f89a5c37739cef6293587955cf896856870b4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41.897464Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41.897464Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Mii3KyY8IP4Q1+xFRq4MCi3VNXRJs8Ok8cunWl9nLpCLo1WGz8z5V/fiZRfTOo/msuXsdZJQ82BSYmYE7x/qAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:41.898018Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.00425","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1ddac40bd8bb4c9e8363b6109557d122b5d8dd84914978a9eb7686c34d980c60","sha256:a5d95b82d1372e88b4e3373cfba35ed5a8fa36148f39e72f80d3bdfbd9562ee3"],"state_sha256":"81c7d53801cdae04249f49b3c06bd1e3445e15b85d99235facede281796535e5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"msuVh9i6yAMU7sNIV84ae89NmeR0v6QdDPjF7m6SKg6EG5UNHzaEUsdpz3ezN27/vo9LTg+/RXwv7iEZ3/ynAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T09:49:00.908407Z","bundle_sha256":"dced967fc0f27c639ec65ca55fc5b67421e0feff267630e63ba4147949ed2c12"}}