{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:LLM55LWBED6USG4C4ELVPZC7EE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac7208b5d722396b909d0180ff4fde2c892d33aa7b6ce72a79cb7650be1ca7cd","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-06T04:43:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd9fc03fe38ce3dd8f88717d626d1a3d61d517cff3f4df2461af91decafc03aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.05224","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.05224","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.05224v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.05224","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LLM55LWBED6U","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LLM55LWBED6USG4C","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LLM55LWB","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1da5da150a346e9e91e69fa0cc077cbac96bb310fa04ad955b9ae4196fe57181","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.05224/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significantly advanced capabilities in understanding and generating human language text, which have gained increasing popularity over recent years. Apart from their state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) performance, considering their widespread usage in many industries, including medicine, finance, education, etc., security concerns over their usage grow simultaneously. In recent years, the evolution of backdoor attacks has progressed with the advancement of defense mechanisms against them and more well-developed features in the LLMs. In ","authors_text":"Qingchuan Zhao, Tao Ni, Wei-Bin Lee, Yihe Zhou","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-06T04:43:05Z","title":"A Survey on Backdoor Threats in Large Language Models (LLMs): Attacks, Defenses, and Evaluations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.05224","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:641d8d0d677cd5ad7225cffb378959b849e3e860652d094ecf01f27f3cba0809","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac7208b5d722396b909d0180ff4fde2c892d33aa7b6ce72a79cb7650be1ca7cd","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-06T04:43:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd9fc03fe38ce3dd8f88717d626d1a3d61d517cff3f4df2461af91decafc03aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.05224","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5ad9deaec120fd491b82e11757e45f21074e391cd576f292c7f925bbc6802e9f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5ad9deaec120fd491b82e11757e45f21074e391cd576f292c7f925bbc6802e9f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34.379208Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34.379208Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7S8aFWYNzSA2PPcjYwQ9zO7GsOFer08VcDQ6CXkSojxKJvRThsIrkvWbYOtnuW8ZofhkYzCaVAZlzb/EAqo1Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:34.379669Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.05224","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:641d8d0d677cd5ad7225cffb378959b849e3e860652d094ecf01f27f3cba0809","sha256:1da5da150a346e9e91e69fa0cc077cbac96bb310fa04ad955b9ae4196fe57181"],"state_sha256":"2e3664e1e28b1de9ca85be104a4d9a30a4c73c013728f27f2c819bd4dc88e437"}