{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED","short_pith_number":"pith:LMUSR3K3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.0566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2012-12-12T15:56:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2e4d687e3b00f8661d7d672d1501bc7806bd0441026b18bde1af8f401ee70092","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d52f18c19161d41e822e20b442accc04f54ab881603cd457c2508dfa51174b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5b2928ed5bfc2ddfdc6006684aaa6020d5e553afc1c68ea2d39f0e79f6fec2fb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1301.0566","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.0566","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.0566v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.0566","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LMUSR3K37QW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LMUSR3K37QW57XDA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LMUSR3K3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.0566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2012-12-12T15:56:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2e4d687e3b00f8661d7d672d1501bc7806bd0441026b18bde1af8f401ee70092","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d52f18c19161d41e822e20b442accc04f54ab881603cd457c2508dfa51174b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5b2928ed5bfc2ddfdc6006684aaa6020d5e553afc1c68ea2d39f0e79f6fec2fb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18.503032Z","signature_b64":"dhew3Mbj9AtU8apjeCu9FIF/qwFCoS7c6hoCpJrSC1KT26y8UCBupRbJ0K42WMMNDq2x+CXvb8/qRyfdG+wqDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5b2928ed5bfc2ddfdc6006684aaa6020d5e553afc1c68ea2d39f0e79f6fec2fb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18.502370Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18.502370Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1301.0566","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xBB62Hv+jztBU4nyHErGmXyP/kTkplXwGQz9USaNhyzHlbBgkW2/bbASSQBLlj57jeqhzRxRtn3bRvqz09xsAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:39:28.079726Z"},"content_sha256":"30812a848e8ea3dd87eee137f8289b147c3f070a015fca89b487f0fc5bca3775","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30812a848e8ea3dd87eee137f8289b147c3f070a015fca89b487f0fc5bca3775"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causes and Explanations in the Structural-Model Approach: Tractable Cases","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Thomas Eiter, Thomas Lukasiewicz","submitted_at":"2012-12-12T15:56:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we continue our research on the algorithmic aspects of Halpern and Pearl's causes and explanations in the structural-model approach. To this end, we present new characterizations of weak causes for certain classes of causal models, which show that under suitable restrictions deciding causes and explanations is tractable. To our knowledge, these are the first explicit tractability results for the structural-model approach."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.0566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zNaQz9ULDSJPqma6PAoqIVD7rajnLdWV4/uq67AEFPSPHX/1mzYeJ+q/0dQyQJpILmwGFJC0BKvq1fOGYrjfBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:39:28.080277Z"},"content_sha256":"96f6953058ff983585da97ba3248983501bc6c59f7783e705a99278484587585","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:96f6953058ff983585da97ba3248983501bc6c59f7783e705a99278484587585"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T22:39:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:LMUSR3K37QW57XDAAZUEVKTAED","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d52f18c19161d41e822e20b442accc04f54ab881603cd457c2508dfa51174b5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2012-12-12T15:56:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e4d687e3b00f8661d7d672d1501bc7806bd0441026b18bde1af8f401ee70092"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.0566","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.0566","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.0566v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.0566","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LMUSR3K37QW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LMUSR3K37QW57XDA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LMUSR3K3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:96f6953058ff983585da97ba3248983501bc6c59f7783e705a99278484587585","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we continue our research on the algorithmic aspects of Halpern and Pearl's causes and explanations in the structural-model approach. To this end, we present new characterizations of weak causes for certain classes of causal models, which show that under suitable restrictions deciding causes and explanations is tractable. To our knowledge, these are the first explicit tractability results for the structural-model approach.","authors_text":"Thomas Eiter, Thomas Lukasiewicz","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2012-12-12T15:56:06Z","title":"Causes and Explanations in the Structural-Model Approach: Tractable Cases"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.0566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:30812a848e8ea3dd87eee137f8289b147c3f070a015fca89b487f0fc5bca3775","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d52f18c19161d41e822e20b442accc04f54ab881603cd457c2508dfa51174b5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2012-12-12T15:56:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e4d687e3b00f8661d7d672d1501bc7806bd0441026b18bde1af8f401ee70092"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.0566","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5b2928ed5bfc2ddfdc6006684aaa6020d5e553afc1c68ea2d39f0e79f6fec2fb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5b2928ed5bfc2ddfdc6006684aaa6020d5e553afc1c68ea2d39f0e79f6fec2fb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18.502370Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18.502370Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dhew3Mbj9AtU8apjeCu9FIF/qwFCoS7c6hoCpJrSC1KT26y8UCBupRbJ0K42WMMNDq2x+CXvb8/qRyfdG+wqDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:18.503032Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1301.0566","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:30812a848e8ea3dd87eee137f8289b147c3f070a015fca89b487f0fc5bca3775","sha256:96f6953058ff983585da97ba3248983501bc6c59f7783e705a99278484587585"],"state_sha256":"4805541d3cb3ffd6b3b7b366a6de5ed8a96b4b041aee5ddc7d371b53d219650d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bVfbMIp0lCBwDdT+RLe5isc8JMRqznfDNktGTSKuh3QA9bbUwOWl2zNpvmVqDKnu3jzndqvD5EvQyAc3yTVECg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:39:28.082917Z","bundle_sha256":"bfc72f15ca308f3c13f786aac525b468fd7ba3e1efb74d6c82e89c09e071aa52"}}