{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22","short_pith_number":"pith:LNVJU6JH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.08324","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-06-15T12:26:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"ccde2ae0d143ccc9d17b475432ff9b1c5e667f423d578b5156be4a9382f05657","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ae0c5210f45611fea40a586c940270e029bc61f33a3d4aff703ed34777a7da6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5b6a9a7927aeb9611a1473d40476f4d6bf867c305ffeeb51f1749dff9e3607cd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2006.08324","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.08324","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.08324v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.08324","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LNVJU6JHV24W","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LNVJU6JHV24WCGQU","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LNVJU6JH","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.08324","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-06-15T12:26:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"ccde2ae0d143ccc9d17b475432ff9b1c5e667f423d578b5156be4a9382f05657","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ae0c5210f45611fea40a586c940270e029bc61f33a3d4aff703ed34777a7da6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5b6a9a7927aeb9611a1473d40476f4d6bf867c305ffeeb51f1749dff9e3607cd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56.292154Z","signature_b64":"mQAhbVupsj93IxwAXWOgeGZLgH0VaeVBuX/kpxPNGCxNEKrM9b4/QVt1wOfvFRBQo3ooWobyHBnteGNga197BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5b6a9a7927aeb9611a1473d40476f4d6bf867c305ffeeb51f1749dff9e3607cd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56.291754Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56.291754Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2006.08324","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fBOsw2Sg/SvyJwoT09DEuxVGSiFyLsPq3Dy9Wph7WbbO0gKQohuUiT4CgXr/Uq/t52+6PzX9KlrZmkvG/j9fAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T08:03:29.438639Z"},"content_sha256":"5b40882c1f187572f513114e7675ea94707d0da5b1b1540e2336a43a579c2d22","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5b40882c1f187572f513114e7675ea94707d0da5b1b1540e2336a43a579c2d22"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Terahertz photogalvanics in twisted bilayer graphene close to the second magic angle","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"D. K. Efetov, D. Kozlov, K. Watanabe, L. E. Golub, M. Otteneder, S. D. Ganichev, S. Hubmann, T. Taniguchi, X. Lu","submitted_at":"2020-06-15T12:26:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report on the observation of photogalvanic effects in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with a twist angle of 0.6{\\deg}. We show that excitation of tBLG bulk causes a photocurrent, whose sign and magnitude are controlled by orientation of the radiation electric field and the photon helicity. The observed photocurrent provides evidence for the reduction of the point group symmetry in low twist-angle tBLG to the lowest possible one. The developed theory shows that the current is formed by asymmetric scattering in gyrotropic tBLG. We also detected the photogalvanic current formed in the vicinity"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.08324","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2006.08324/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A9B9STWXaXxEfoRYDGseoJtnL4B2t1tr0/x4xKS505X+KfHJWCcqLCqHya1JifWLutWBJ55FSCKmpNPaWvVfBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T08:03:29.439145Z"},"content_sha256":"7f91833f829aba932c773aa69354283d073ddb02d320801aa24997fcbf3fd135","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f91833f829aba932c773aa69354283d073ddb02d320801aa24997fcbf3fd135"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T08:03:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:LNVJU6JHV24WCGQUOPKAI5XU22","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ae0c5210f45611fea40a586c940270e029bc61f33a3d4aff703ed34777a7da6","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-06-15T12:26:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ccde2ae0d143ccc9d17b475432ff9b1c5e667f423d578b5156be4a9382f05657"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.08324","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.08324","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.08324v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.08324","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LNVJU6JHV24W","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LNVJU6JHV24WCGQU","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LNVJU6JH","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7f91833f829aba932c773aa69354283d073ddb02d320801aa24997fcbf3fd135","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2006.08324/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We report on the observation of photogalvanic effects in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with a twist angle of 0.6{\\deg}. We show that excitation of tBLG bulk causes a photocurrent, whose sign and magnitude are controlled by orientation of the radiation electric field and the photon helicity. The observed photocurrent provides evidence for the reduction of the point group symmetry in low twist-angle tBLG to the lowest possible one. The developed theory shows that the current is formed by asymmetric scattering in gyrotropic tBLG. We also detected the photogalvanic current formed in the vicinity","authors_text":"D. K. Efetov, D. Kozlov, K. Watanabe, L. E. Golub, M. Otteneder, S. D. Ganichev, S. Hubmann, T. Taniguchi, X. Lu","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-06-15T12:26:55Z","title":"Terahertz photogalvanics in twisted bilayer graphene close to the second magic angle"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.08324","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5b40882c1f187572f513114e7675ea94707d0da5b1b1540e2336a43a579c2d22","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ae0c5210f45611fea40a586c940270e029bc61f33a3d4aff703ed34777a7da6","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-06-15T12:26:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ccde2ae0d143ccc9d17b475432ff9b1c5e667f423d578b5156be4a9382f05657"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.08324","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5b6a9a7927aeb9611a1473d40476f4d6bf867c305ffeeb51f1749dff9e3607cd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5b6a9a7927aeb9611a1473d40476f4d6bf867c305ffeeb51f1749dff9e3607cd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56.291754Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56.291754Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mQAhbVupsj93IxwAXWOgeGZLgH0VaeVBuX/kpxPNGCxNEKrM9b4/QVt1wOfvFRBQo3ooWobyHBnteGNga197BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:55:56.292154Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2006.08324","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5b40882c1f187572f513114e7675ea94707d0da5b1b1540e2336a43a579c2d22","sha256:7f91833f829aba932c773aa69354283d073ddb02d320801aa24997fcbf3fd135"],"state_sha256":"7773eefd2b7d8a4a48672dd7aa2b4edc14fba2c5364020532f6806fc51455695"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cj5dCcUmVY8nDaUVnnfi1mSnbQIq+B1z76uQGeUHr1T7aFZb7GyZfAelxF8tS9R/eNVnoObzhdlfk7cqLpKvBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T08:03:29.444206Z","bundle_sha256":"98a7ec39b37f0ee6d944b637948178f0b1c53fc05c89d15a03f1a3e4ac6fbb0e"}}