{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO","short_pith_number":"pith:LOM5REBN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.09973","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-02-27T15:43:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2a1745943344b19cff5e9dfcb0cd8431b9374028893810b1c00833f6bf047acb","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53e18bcfc5ebc618a6b5ed464165314188dfac5f431d7f09ee6034a5e45c87"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5b99d8902d99ce98ad60e0f3d567536b9c429f67ec93d55b2d751170003969d0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1802.09973","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.09973","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.09973v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.09973","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LOM5REBNTHHJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LOM5REBN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.09973","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-02-27T15:43:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2a1745943344b19cff5e9dfcb0cd8431b9374028893810b1c00833f6bf047acb","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53e18bcfc5ebc618a6b5ed464165314188dfac5f431d7f09ee6034a5e45c87"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5b99d8902d99ce98ad60e0f3d567536b9c429f67ec93d55b2d751170003969d0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36.698148Z","signature_b64":"lMH9iS11O0QI5s0cx04O4GJWnPoMjPROWmAi0KivBLbtRysTgSCrIgWxwlq+tW2zVsi7aAZbUOVWckC98+r2CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5b99d8902d99ce98ad60e0f3d567536b9c429f67ec93d55b2d751170003969d0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36.697724Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36.697724Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1802.09973","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1PVzzlHZQ03c38b8tL4YoWC/JXaebDBieQraeU6OmujQuVmVzUl/WaoqBLrn3q1TVZpUe8p9bZgu9k5F6CSlCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:07:31.587230Z"},"content_sha256":"637d3248f844ea2124fb51f440ecab12ca5a12d383d93bc45b88c98c6aa39d9a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:637d3248f844ea2124fb51f440ecab12ca5a12d383d93bc45b88c98c6aa39d9a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Cascade Leading to the Emergence of Small Structures in Vortex Ring Collisions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Alain Pumir, Michael P. Brenner, Rodolfo Ostilla-Monico, Ryan McKeown, Shmuel M. Rubinstein","submitted_at":"2018-02-27T15:43:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"When vortex rings collide head-on at high enough Reynolds numbers, they ultimately annihilate through a violent interaction which breaks down their cores into a turbulent cloud. We experimentally show that this very strong interaction, which leads to the production of fluid motion at very fine scales, uncovers direct evidence of a novel iterative cascade of instabilities in a bulk fluid. When the coherent vortex cores approach each other, they deform into tent-like structures, and the mutual strain causes them to locally flatten into extremely thin vortex sheets. These sheets then break down i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.09973","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ygY2Z4/T9DDMHpBFWTTK/v1hbZVE0MJgxEb59BzJk9/GYuZvKSFR1LWBgshTI9wJB2F78bxqjD3xl4pKPcDdCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:07:31.587590Z"},"content_sha256":"0e01bf4e3ca2114169aceb67f0c316dc9c82ce9b21f90074865e4b63d9e7823f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0e01bf4e3ca2114169aceb67f0c316dc9c82ce9b21f90074865e4b63d9e7823f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T03:07:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA4DZ5KZ2TNO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53e18bcfc5ebc618a6b5ed464165314188dfac5f431d7f09ee6034a5e45c87","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-02-27T15:43:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a1745943344b19cff5e9dfcb0cd8431b9374028893810b1c00833f6bf047acb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.09973","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.09973","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.09973v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.09973","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LOM5REBNTHHJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LOM5REBNTHHJRLLA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LOM5REBN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0e01bf4e3ca2114169aceb67f0c316dc9c82ce9b21f90074865e4b63d9e7823f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When vortex rings collide head-on at high enough Reynolds numbers, they ultimately annihilate through a violent interaction which breaks down their cores into a turbulent cloud. We experimentally show that this very strong interaction, which leads to the production of fluid motion at very fine scales, uncovers direct evidence of a novel iterative cascade of instabilities in a bulk fluid. When the coherent vortex cores approach each other, they deform into tent-like structures, and the mutual strain causes them to locally flatten into extremely thin vortex sheets. These sheets then break down i","authors_text":"Alain Pumir, Michael P. Brenner, Rodolfo Ostilla-Monico, Ryan McKeown, Shmuel M. Rubinstein","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-02-27T15:43:29Z","title":"A Cascade Leading to the Emergence of Small Structures in Vortex Ring Collisions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.09973","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:637d3248f844ea2124fb51f440ecab12ca5a12d383d93bc45b88c98c6aa39d9a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53e18bcfc5ebc618a6b5ed464165314188dfac5f431d7f09ee6034a5e45c87","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-02-27T15:43:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a1745943344b19cff5e9dfcb0cd8431b9374028893810b1c00833f6bf047acb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.09973","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"5b99d8902d99ce98ad60e0f3d567536b9c429f67ec93d55b2d751170003969d0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5b99d8902d99ce98ad60e0f3d567536b9c429f67ec93d55b2d751170003969d0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36.697724Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36.697724Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lMH9iS11O0QI5s0cx04O4GJWnPoMjPROWmAi0KivBLbtRysTgSCrIgWxwlq+tW2zVsi7aAZbUOVWckC98+r2CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:36.698148Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1802.09973","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:637d3248f844ea2124fb51f440ecab12ca5a12d383d93bc45b88c98c6aa39d9a","sha256:0e01bf4e3ca2114169aceb67f0c316dc9c82ce9b21f90074865e4b63d9e7823f"],"state_sha256":"a5de40e4c0ebd654009e4feed93ce7cf0778b9e6fb7c0d55eb1d99daab8f5157"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k5HYb1Vi25Mza+dpw4wKSHfL75No3L+W8R0sl9nwHqH0KSCQ/UQWjxb3VwFDkyiDZVAktdYelZOSbADZM+BTCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:07:31.589579Z","bundle_sha256":"0a0c7b535db0ccfb0e68f25e80056ce615ea1e73c335c5588d7a60c2c4a0ae30"}}