{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3","short_pith_number":"pith:LQ3RPGRL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.05351","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-10-12T04:26:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ab827052ad9549b5e1822e8196dfc46f6b58324281144aad129b59ffdd4e49fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"a3de3db6e85cdda6d400846a98670caee2195a68f3a207f60f4be5facd300fbf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5c37179a2b393946665f631c9f95c756fd1abccbe00ae22fa28ac3b72624f758","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.05351","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.05351","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.05351v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.05351","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LQ3RPGRLHE4U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LQ3RPGRL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.05351","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-10-12T04:26:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ab827052ad9549b5e1822e8196dfc46f6b58324281144aad129b59ffdd4e49fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"a3de3db6e85cdda6d400846a98670caee2195a68f3a207f60f4be5facd300fbf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5c37179a2b393946665f631c9f95c756fd1abccbe00ae22fa28ac3b72624f758","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30.874524Z","signature_b64":"n40+uHSi6L+k1wwt4N/4KKxSXOQ+XVy8syU3eXNsrlzFC7fjES66hwNls9A2njzk6H0s1s/LN6/JsRMGheqEDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5c37179a2b393946665f631c9f95c756fd1abccbe00ae22fa28ac3b72624f758","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30.873756Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30.873756Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.05351","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C9ygTKsHZaPADJGXzeSMwwlDQwaE86hWsMvilmIJgwu8NgnHABOd0HMAJCLAB2ww9FOIIl2KZtHu81KlVPzWAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T13:25:00.399105Z"},"content_sha256":"516368f553d22a4075ded39cd5526c18d4bf613b1535b039cd703959b7914bc5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:516368f553d22a4075ded39cd5526c18d4bf613b1535b039cd703959b7914bc5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nanosecond mid-infrared pulse generation via modulated thermal emissivity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alberto Piqu\\'e, Jad Salman, Mikhail A. Kats, Nicholas A. Charipar, Yuzhe Xiao","submitted_at":"2018-10-12T04:26:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate the generation of nanosecond mid-infrared pulses via fast modulation of thermal emissivity, enabled by the absorption of visible pump pulses in unpatterned silicon and gallium arsenide. The free-carrier dynamics in these materials result in nanosecond-scale modulation of thermal emissivity, leading to nanosecond pulsed thermal emission. To our knowledge, the nanosecond thermal-emissivity modulation demonstrated in this work is three orders of magnitude faster than what has been previously demonstrated. We also indirectly observed sub-nanosecond thermal pulses from hot carriers i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.05351","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zhaYXM4TXB/rWJW4tASwM0YDErTA6HuHkGsUBIDjcbZd+Bs5PVrViOgZ1lG5PXjazeAEWb6JPxpzMzlI+QTzCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T13:25:00.399737Z"},"content_sha256":"92cdc03f375c8d57dc4e69b286010b02b4f6bcd40cefd42af2941ec4ca3beb9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92cdc03f375c8d57dc4e69b286010b02b4f6bcd40cefd42af2941ec4ca3beb9f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T13:25:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7MMOJ7FOHK3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a3de3db6e85cdda6d400846a98670caee2195a68f3a207f60f4be5facd300fbf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-10-12T04:26:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab827052ad9549b5e1822e8196dfc46f6b58324281144aad129b59ffdd4e49fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.05351","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.05351","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.05351v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.05351","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LQ3RPGRLHE4U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LQ3RPGRLHE4UMZS7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LQ3RPGRL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:92cdc03f375c8d57dc4e69b286010b02b4f6bcd40cefd42af2941ec4ca3beb9f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate the generation of nanosecond mid-infrared pulses via fast modulation of thermal emissivity, enabled by the absorption of visible pump pulses in unpatterned silicon and gallium arsenide. The free-carrier dynamics in these materials result in nanosecond-scale modulation of thermal emissivity, leading to nanosecond pulsed thermal emission. To our knowledge, the nanosecond thermal-emissivity modulation demonstrated in this work is three orders of magnitude faster than what has been previously demonstrated. We also indirectly observed sub-nanosecond thermal pulses from hot carriers i","authors_text":"Alberto Piqu\\'e, Jad Salman, Mikhail A. Kats, Nicholas A. Charipar, Yuzhe Xiao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-10-12T04:26:14Z","title":"Nanosecond mid-infrared pulse generation via modulated thermal emissivity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.05351","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:516368f553d22a4075ded39cd5526c18d4bf613b1535b039cd703959b7914bc5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a3de3db6e85cdda6d400846a98670caee2195a68f3a207f60f4be5facd300fbf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-10-12T04:26:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab827052ad9549b5e1822e8196dfc46f6b58324281144aad129b59ffdd4e49fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.05351","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5c37179a2b393946665f631c9f95c756fd1abccbe00ae22fa28ac3b72624f758","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5c37179a2b393946665f631c9f95c756fd1abccbe00ae22fa28ac3b72624f758","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30.873756Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30.873756Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"n40+uHSi6L+k1wwt4N/4KKxSXOQ+XVy8syU3eXNsrlzFC7fjES66hwNls9A2njzk6H0s1s/LN6/JsRMGheqEDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:30.874524Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.05351","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:516368f553d22a4075ded39cd5526c18d4bf613b1535b039cd703959b7914bc5","sha256:92cdc03f375c8d57dc4e69b286010b02b4f6bcd40cefd42af2941ec4ca3beb9f"],"state_sha256":"51bb7ad0a18fe710cd1007afed8b14ca74aea89cc05482656a155604ff226576"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gayrUrH6BkBUEYyBgEwE3/YpdbooXRUI2ZEo1VEluB2/loOW7gKKW+VqPU/FQ0mNbSG5uqBOXAQD1j84vXJeBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T13:25:00.403002Z","bundle_sha256":"9fbca23effa8698926adde7f5a93e8ceca0e87486cb60680c2cbffcd9464b926"}}